Виды общения

 

4. Напишите предложения в вопросительной, а затем в отрицательной форме и переведите их на русский язык:

1. They had an English lesson yesterday.

2. Students will have five exams in June.

3. This university has a distance education department.

 

5. Поставьте глаголы, данные  в скобках, в Past Indefinite Tense (прошедшее неопределенное время):

1. They (to study) many subjects last year.

2. He (to enter) the university in 1998.

3. I (to go) to the university by bus.

 

6. Составьте три предложения, используя слова, данные в колонках, и переведите их на русский язык:

There is   a college   in our town

There are  fifteen schools

a university

 

 

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ   ЗАДАНИЕ  № 2

 

Лексические темы	Грамматические темы
Cities 1. Sydney 2. Washington 3. New York 4. London 5. Moscow	1. Participle I (причастие настоящего времени) 2. Participle II (причастие прошедшего времени)

 

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить  задание № 2, необходимо знать следующие  грамматические темы:

 

1. Participle I (Причастие настоящего времени)

 

Образование:

Participle I = основа глагола + -ing: sleeping

 

Функции Participle I:

В предложении Participle I может быть:

а) определением;

б) обстоятельством.

 

а) Определение:

The child sleeping on the sofa is Jack.

Ребенок, спящий на диване, Джек.

 

б) Обстоятельство:

Reading your translation the teacher found several mistakes.

Читая ваш перевод, учитель нашел несколько ошибок.

 

2. Participle II (Причастие прошедшего времени)

 

Participle II (причастие II) – это третья форма глагола (первые две формы: неопределенная форма глагола (инфинитив) и форма прошедшего времени). Стандартные глаголы образуют эту форму при помощи суффикса -ed (то есть их форма совпадает с формой глагола прошедшего времени).

Нестандартные глаголы имеют особые формы, которые не всегда совпадают с формой прошедшего времени.

 

Стандартные глаголы  Нестандартные глаголы

ask — asked — asked  go — went — gone

want — wanted — wanted  come—came—come

work — worked — worked  speak—spoke—spoken

 

Participle II в предложении может быть определением:

 

He bought a used car. Он купил подержанный автомобиль.

The information received was very important. Полученная информация была очень важна.

 

Вариант 1

 

1. Прочтите текст и ответьте  устно на следующие вопросы:

1. Who founded Sydney?

2. What part does Sydney play in Australia?

 

SYDNEY

 

1. Sydney, the capital of New South Wales, and the largest city in Australia, is built around the shores of Port Jackson, the site of the first settlement in Australia.

2. In 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip arrived in Botany Bay with the first thousand white people to settle the new land in the South. Eighteen years previously Captain James Cook had discovered and taken possession of the eastern portion of the continent. Soon realising that no substantial settlement could flourish in the swamp lands and poor soil of Botany Bay, Phillip sailed a few miles northward and selected as the site for the first settlement the land surrounding a small bay, which he named Sydney Cove, after Lord Sydney, the British Home Secretary.

3. Today Sydney has a population of about two million people and is the main port of Australia. It possesses several spacious parks in the very centre of the city; Hyde Park, the Domain, and the Botanic Gardens, all being within a few minutes’ walk of the General Post Office. Sydney provides and administers the transport, commercial, financial and other services. In addition, it supplies an increasing proportion of the nation’s manufacture requirements.

 

2. Переведите в письменной  форме абзацы 1, 3.

3. Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

 

4. В каких функциях употреблено  причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Visiting Canberra the tourists will be interested to inspect the public buildings, the most important being Parliament House.

2. In Parliament House there are many paintings, statues, busts and medallions, portraying prominent figures in Australian public life.

3. The Australian National University, standing on a site of some 200 acres in the north of Canberra, was founded in 1946.

 

5. Назовите номер предложения,  в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. The design of the city was won by a Chicago architect, W.B. Griffin, in 1911.

2. The design won by a Chicago architect, W. B. Griffin, in 1911 was a notable piece of town-planning.

3. The design won by a Chicago architect in 1911, they began to put it into life.

 

Вариант 2

 

1. Прочтите текст и ответьте  устно на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the highest building in Washington?

2. What is the most interesting museum in Washington?

 

WASHINGTON

 

1. Washington, the capital of the United States, is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. Washington is not the largest city in the United States but in the political sense it is the most important city.

2. Washington has one major business and that business is government. Many people living in Washington work for the federal government. At 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue there is the White House where the President lives and has his office.

3. The Capitol, with its great Hall of Representatives and the Senate, is the highest building in Washington. There is a law against building structures more than 90 feet high in the capital. With its beautiful buildings and its tree-lined avenues Washington attracts a lot of visitors.

4. The capital has world-known art galleries, museums and monuments. One of the most interesting museums in Washington is the National Art and Space Museum. The museum has aircraft and spacecraft that were important in aviation history. There are even rocks that the astronauts brought to the Earth after their Moon landing.

 

2. Переведите в письменной форме  абзацы 2, 4.

 

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

 

б) В каких функциях употреблено причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The Library of Congress contains millions of books and manuscripts, including personal papers of the US presidents.

2. Living in Washington you can meet people of almost all nationalities.

3. Millions of emigrants cross the ocean, hoping to find a better life in the USA.

 

5. Назовите номер предложения,  в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. The Capitol is the highest building in Washington which is known as an American city without skyscrapers.

2. Many important events have taken place at the Lincoln Memorial.

3. Washington named after the first American President is situated on the Potomac River.

 

Вариант 3

 

1. Прочтите текст и ответьте  на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the highest building in New York?

2. What is the longest street in New York?

 

NEW YORK

 

1. New York is one of the largest cities in the world. It is situated on the Hudson River. In 1626 the Dutch Trade Company bought Manhattan Island from the local Indians for twenty-four dollars. At present Manhattan Island is the centre of New York and its business section.

2. New York is the city of skyscrapers. The highest skyscraper is the Empire State Building. It has 102 storeys and its height is 380 metres. Not far from the Empire State Building is Rockefeller Centre. Rockefeller Centre houses all kinds of offices, enterprises, theatres and music halls.

3. Wall Street is the financial heart of the USA. The National Bank and large offices are situated there. Broadway is the longest street in the city. It is 29 kilometers long. Broadway is the street of the best known theatres and cinemas.

4. The Statue of Liberty greets everybody who comes to New York by sea. Millions of emigrants from all parts of the world cross the ocean, hoping to find a better and happier life there.

 

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 4.

 

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в  котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено  причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Feeling not well she decided not to go to the party.

2. Many people running in Central Park try to get slim.

3. Playing in Central Park children are away from fast cars and busy streets.

 

4. Назовите номер предложения, в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите его на русский язык:

1. Most skyscrapers are situated in the lower part of Manhattan.

2. The Empire State Building constructed in 1931 is the highest building in New York.

3. Many skyscrapers are made almost entirely of glass.

 

Вариант 4

 

1. Прочтите текст и ответьте  устно на следующие вопросы:

1. How many people live in London?

2. What is the East End famous for?

 

LONDON

 

1. London is the capital of Great Britain. It is situated on the river Thames. It is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is about 9 million people.

2. In the West End there are many famous museums, theatres, palaces and parks. The British Museum is one of the most famous museums in the world. It contains the most important collection of things from Greece and Egypt, including the famous Egyptian mummies. The West End includes Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus and the main shopping areas of Oxford Street, Regent Street and Bond Street.

3. The Houses of Parliament built in the 19th century, are the place where the English Government sits. Big Ben is the name given to the clock and the bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament. The great bell weighs thirteen and a half tons. Buckingham Palace is the home of Britain's Kings and Queens. Every day a lot of tourists come to see the ceremony of Changing the Guard in front of Buckingham Palace.

4. The East End grew with the spread of industries to the east of the City, and the growth of the port of London. It is one of those areas of London where people from abroad have come to find work. The East End is especially famous as the centre of the clothing industry in London.

 

2. Переведите в письменной форме  абзацы 2, 4.

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено  причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The Houses of Parliament, standing on the left bank of the river Thames, are not very old buildings.

2. Being situated on the river Thames, London is also a large port.

3. All around London there are plaques marking houses where famous people lived.

 

4. Укажите номер предложения, в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите его на русский язык:

1. The City occupied by many banks and offices is the financial centre of London.

2. Trafalgar Square was made to commemorate the victory of Admiral Nelson at Trafalgar.

3. Many famous people are buried in Westminster Abbey.

 

Вариант 5

 

1. Прочтите текст и ответьте  устно на следующие вопросы:

1. Where is the Kremlin situated?

2. What places of interest do you know in Moscow?

 

MOSCOW

 

1. Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is one of the oldest Russian cities. Moscow was founded in 1147 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.

2. Now it is the largest political, scientific and cultural centre. The population of Moscow is about 10 million people. There are more than 80 institutes of higher education in Moscow. The Moscow State University is the centre of our educational system.

3. There are many places of interest in Moscow. The Kremlin standing on the bank of the Moscow River is the oldest part of the city. It was built under the tzar Ivan III in the fifteenth century. Moscow is famous for its theatres and museums. The Bolshoi and Maly theatres, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Andrey Rublev Museum and others are well known all over the world.

4. The Moscow Metro is comfortable and very fast. The first line of the Moscow Metro was constructed in 1935. Since that time Muscovites have built many new lines and terminals.

 

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 4.

 

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в  котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено  причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:

 

1. The Kremlin standing on the bank of the Moscow River is the oldest part of Moscow.

2. Being a large cultural centre Moscow attracts a lot of tourists.

3. Facing Pushkin Square there is the cinema-house “Pushkinsky” built in 1961.

 

4. Назовите номер предложения,  в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите это предложение на русский язык.

1. They have lived in Moscow since 1985.

2. Moscow founded by Yuri Dolgoruky is one of the oldest Russian cities.

3. The towers along the Kremlin wall were built in the 15th century.

 

 

 

тексты  для устного  перевода

 

OUR  PLANET  EARTH

 

In 1972 the Earthmen sent a coded message into cosmos: “We live on a little planet near the Sun. We call our planet the Earth. We are intelligent beings...”. Sometimes, scientists and writers call the Earth itself a little living and intelligent being of cosmos.

What is our planet like? If we look at the map of the world, we see that the Earth's surface is covered with deep waters of seas and oceans. The names of the four oceans are: the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian and the Arctic Oceans. These four salt water oceans and the seas as well as fresh water rivers and lakes make about 70 per cent of the Earth's surface.

The six continents of the Earth with big and little islands make only 30 per cent of the Earth's surface. The names of the six continents are: Eurasia (Europe and Asia), Africa, North and South Americas, Australia and the Antarctic. On a cosmic scale our planet is certainly a very-very little place.

How is our little planet living nowadays? What problems is it facing and what problems are the Earthmen facing? As a result of the technological progress and great needs of the peoples in minerals and water, the face of the Earth is changing day by day and not to the good.

The ecological problems we are facing are really great and difficult to solve. There is an English song which sounds like this:

“What are they doing to our land, my friend?

What are they doing to the deep seas and oceans?

What are they doing to the fresh water lakes and rivers, my friend?»

The answer to these questions may, really, be very sad.

Our generation must not be so egoistic. We must think of our children, grandchildren and grand grandchildren as well. We really haven't got much fresh water on the Earth, as well as minerals. We must protect nature from people's egoism.

What problems are the peoples of the five continents discussing now? The principal problem is the classical one-War and Peace problem. The discussions on this problem are taking place on all levels here and everywhere on our planet. State political leaders and scientists as well as common people of the five continents are thinking day and night about one and the same- “peace or war?” They are thinking over this problem inside their states and out, north and south, east and west from every point of view. This problem is exactly what we think about it – next world war may well be the end of our planet.

If we want to be intelligent beings, as we say about it in our message to cosmos, we must protect and save this, perhaps, the only Oasis [ou'eisiz] of Life in our Universe.

 

Vocabulary

the Earth - Земля (планета)

the Earthmen - земляне (жители Земли)

intelligent beings - разумные (мыслящие) существа

may well be - вполне может быть

point of view - точка зрения

all - весь, вся, всё, все

change - изменение

earth -  земля, земной шар

generation - поколение

level - уровень

message - послание, сообщение

per cent -  процент

scientist - ученый

surface - поверхность

state - государство

cover - покрывать, закрывать

to save - спасать

to sound - звучать

to send (sent, sent) - посылать, отправлять

to solve - решать, разрешать (проблему, вопрос)

exact - точный

great - большой, значительный, великий

sad - печальный

exactly - точно

inside - внутрь, внутри

really – действительно

 

Задания к тексту:

1. Прочтите текст. Назовите проблемы, о которых говорится в тексте.

2. Просмотрите текст и найдите в нем интернациональные слова. Переведите английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:

земная поверхность покрыта; глубокие воды; соленая вода; пресноводные реки и озера; составляют 30%; в космическом  масштабе; в результате технологического прогресса; большие потребности; защищать природу от; на всех уровнях; вполне может стать.

 

3. Найдите в тексте и прочтите  абзацы:

о континентах Земли;

о водных ресурсах Земли;

о проблемах экологического характера;

о человеке – разумном существе планеты;

о проблемах, связанных с угрозой  войны.

 

4. Закончите следующие фразы:

1. The four salt water oceans are... . 2. The six continents of the Earth are... . 3. The big fresh water lakes of the Earth are... . 4. The big rivers of Russia are.... 5. On the map of the world we can see... . 6. The mankind of the Earth faces the problems of... . 7. The scientists and leaders of the state are discussing... .

 

5. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is the text about? 2. What do you know about the Earth? 3. What can you say about the waters covering the surface of the Earth? 4. What are the names of the continents / oceans? 5. What per cent of the Earth’s surface is covered with water / land? 6. What problems are we facing now? 7. Why are these problems so serious? 8. What must people do to solve them?

HISTORY  OF  UNIVERSITY  AND  COLLEGE

 

Universities originated in Europe during the eleventh century, but they were not the first in the world. Perhaps, the University of Al-Azhar founded in Cairo in 970 is one of the oldest still operating universities in the world.