Упражнения по грамматике английского языка

 

Exercise 4. Translate into English.

 

1. Он должен быть 2. Он может быть там завтра. 3. Он возможно, будет там завтра. 4. Он, возможно, был там вчера (не был). 5. Он, по всей вероятности, был там вчера. 6. Он должен был быть там вчера. 7. Не может быть, чтобы он был там вчера. 8. Возможно ли, чтобы он был там вчера? 9. Неужели он там был вчера? 10. Не может быть, чтобы это была правда. 11. Неужели это правда? 12. Это, должно быть, правда. 13. Возможно, это правда. 14. Кто знает? Может быть, это и правда. 15. Возможно, это была правда. 16. Это, очевидно, была правда. 17. Вы, вероятно, ошиблись. 18. Вы, должны быть, ошибаетесь. 19. Не может быть, чтобы вы ошиблись. 20. Неужели (возможно ли, чтобы) вы ошиблись? 21. Не может быть, чтобы они меня не поняли.

 

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

 

1. Вы этого не сделаете. Запомните это! 2. Я сделаю эту работу к сроку, хотя бы мне и не пришлось спать всю ночь. 3. Магазин, должен быть, еще открыть. Если вы поторопитесь, вы успеете купить хлеб. 4.Он сказал, что ему придется уехать через несколько дней, но мы и слушать не хотели. 5. Бесполезно доказывать ему, что вы правы; его никогда нельзя убедить. Он очень упрямый. 6.Но это ни в коей мере не касается его. Незачем было ему вмешиваться (с какой стати было ему вмешиваться). 7. Сейчас, должно быть, довольно поздно. 8. Вы ответите за ваши действия. 9. Вам придется держать экзамен еще раз. Вам надо обратить больше внимания на синтаксис 10. Вам бы следовало предупредить нас (дать нам знать), что вы не придете. Мы бы не ждали вас. 11. Зря (напрасно) вы не прочитали «Мертвые души», перед тем как пойти в театр. Вы бы получили двойное удовольствие от спектакля. Вы бы почувствовали стиль и дух произведения. 12. Я лег и пытался заснуть, но сон не шел. 13. Вы бы только видели ее лицо, когда она услышала эту новость. 14. Какое упражнение мне читать раньше, на двадцатой странице или на двадцать второй? – Можете начать с любого. 15. Вы прекрасно знали, что это бесполезно, и все же это делали.

May, Might

 

Exercise 1. Paraphrase the following sentences using the verb may/might.

 

1. Under the law you are allowed to make one photocopy for your personal use but you can't make multiple copies. 2. This is possibly the reason why they have refused to join us. 3. Perhaps I will have to take her to hospital; it is possible she has broken her arm in the accident. 4. It is possible he did not have her phone number. 5. When the World Cup was shown on TV, I was allowed to stay up late and watch it. 6. Perhaps your friend will help you, but I don't believe it. 7. Maybe they did not know that the problem was so urgent. 8. Would you mind my smoking here? 9. Why didn't you come? I needed your help badly. 10. Perhaps she has made a mistake, but I am not sure of it. She is a very punctual person.

 

 

Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with may/might or can/could and make all necessary changes.

 

1. You ____ (warn) me about it beforehand. 2. The weather is changing. It ___ (start) raining. 3. No, he ___ (not hear) your name. We tried to speak in a whisper. 4. He ___ (not hear) your name. That's why he did not say anything. 5. She ___ (not notice) us. We were standing too far away. 6. She ___ (not notice) us though we were standing beside her. 7. ____ I use your name as a referee? 8. She ___ (not hear) the news, that's why she looks as if nothing had happened. 9. She ___ (not hear) the news, nobody ____ tell her about it. 10. The professor says that I ____ (rewrite) the essay. 11. ____ I use your phone? 12. He  (help) them when they were in trouble. 13. ____ he (say) it? No, it's not like him. He is a man of few words.

 

Exercise 3. Choose the right variant.

 

1. I don't like the way you study. I think you ____ harder!

1. might have worked
2. might work
3. could work
4. could have worked

 

2. Let's wait a little. He ____ .

1. may have come
2. could have come
3. may come
4. might have come

 

3. She ____ of the plan herself. Somebody has suggested it to her.

1. can't have thought
2. may not have thought
3. can't think
4. may not think

 

4.'They ____ our telegram, that's why they did not meet us.

1. couldn't have received
2. can't have received
3. may not have received
4. may not receive

 

5. She ____ my letter! — Don't be so angry with her. She ___ it by mistake.

1. may not read, may do
2. cannot read, can do
3. might not have read, can't have done
4. can't have read, might not have done

 

6. He ____ it. I don't believe you.

1. is not able to say
2. might not say
3. can't have said
4. might not have said

 

Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks with the modal verbs making necessary changes (you may have several variants).

 

1. He is in the garden. He ____ (read) a newspaper in the summerhouse. 2. Her son ____ (get) into trouble yesterday. I've seen him today and he looked quite happy and gay. 3. I don't remember him well but it seems to me he ____ (be) in charge of the Finance department last year. 4. He ____ already (get) used to driving on the left. He has been living in London for a year. 5. He ___ (receive) an emergency call, that's why he is out. 6. They ____ (not take up) this problem. It has already been solved. 7. Where is Mr. Black? — He ____ (receive) a foreign delegation. They ___ (come) at two o'clock. 8. Why haven't the Smiths arrived yet? — They ____ (lose) their way. They don't know the road well; 9. You ____ (introduce) me to your wife long ago. 10. He ____ (buy) a new car. He is deeply in debt. 11. He ___ (buy) a new car, but I am not sure. 12. They ____ already (arrive). Look, the windows are open. 13. Where is John? — He ___ (smoke). in the corridor. 14. I think for your children's sake you ___ (do) it. 15. You ____ (buy) this book for me. You know I have wanted to have it. 16. A wife ___ (obey) her husband, the Bible says. 17. You ____ (wait) for me, I knew the road well and found my way myself. 18. Judging by his papers on the writing table he ____ (work) for several hours. 19. ____ it (be) Nick? He has changed a lot. 20. They ____ (not know) of the plane's delay, otherwise they did not come at 2 o'clock.

 

Exercise 5. Find and correct the mistakes if any.

 

1. I must not dress in my best. When I came, everybody was wearing jeans and T-shirts. 2. He must have known that she needed his help. 3. He had to have an accident in the thick fog. 4. You should phone her long ago. I am sure she is looking forward to your call. 5. With your knowledge of the language you may read the article. 6. I may not imagine Mary teaching students. She used to be so impatient. — You know time changes people. She is able to become quite different. 7. I am sure you might have done it much better. You did not try. 8. I was so angry, I must have thrown my boot at him. 9. May you do me a favour, please? 10. May I ask you to do me a favour, please?

 

Exercise 6. Translate into English using the modal verbs.

 

1. Что здесь происходит? Не могли вы бы вы сказать, в чем дело? — Должно быть, полиция ловит опасного преступника (criminal), и поэтому здесь нельзя пройти. 2. Он мог бы объяснить мне с самого начала, как это важно. 3. Тебе следует поторопиться. Мы можем опоздать. 4. Какой скучный фильм я посмотрел! Не стоило ходить в кино, я мог бы посмотреть что-нибудь по телевизору. 5. Тебе следовало бы сесть на диету (go on a diet) еще полгода назад. Посмотри на себя! Ты поправилась (gain) на 3 килограмма. Тебе нельзя есть сладкое. 6. Неужели она потеряла мой номер телефона? 7. Почему он молчит (keep silence)? — Может быть, он не расслышал ваш вопрос. Не могли бы вы его повторить? 8. Ты должен уважать (respect) своих родителей. 9. Наверное, он сегодня не придет. Уже восемь часов, а он должен был прийти в семь. 10. Вряд ли они уже вернулись. Они там впервые и могут задержаться (stay long).

 

 

 

 

The Infinitive

 

Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Define the function of the Infinitives.

 

To explain this simple fact is not so very easy.

We are to study the main laws of physics.

The author was to read a paper at the conference.

The next step will be to produce a diagram of the system.

Glass which is to be used for lenses must be almost colourless.

The exact level is hard to calculate.

The books by Pawling are interesting to read.

The experimental results are few and not easy to interpret.

He must have found out about the conference from the newspaper.

The explosion must have occurred long ago.

There are some other properties of water to be considered at this point.

There is a particular question to be discussed at length.

There will be six independent elements to be determined.

There is not very much experimental data on which to base a decision between these two possibilities.

The amount of polonium to be obtained from a uranium mineral can be simply calculated.

There are some other groups of compounds to be mentioned.

Joule was the first to note definitely this phenomenon.

There are only a finite number of wave numbers to characterize electronic states.

Most of the nuclear reactions to be studied are of this type.

Polonium was the first of the radioactive elements to be isolated by the chemists.

This theory will be adequate for practical applications through centuries to come.

These methods are to be described in the next chapter.

The methods that are to be described next were widely used.

The methods to be described are used in our laboratory.

The experiment is to be carried out in our laboratory next month.

We hope that the experiment to be carried out in our laboratory will provide new and reliable data.

Thе experiment which is to be carried out in our laboratory will last for ten or eleven hours.

This is the first factor to be taken into consideration.

Many examples of this anomalous behaviour are to be found in literature.

Here is one more important point for the speaker to explain.

He seems to know this rule well.

They are likely to come here.

I was not able to write my test. It proved to be too difficult.

The experiment turned out to be more timetaking than could be expected.

I happened to be out when he called.

The guests are likely to arrive soon.

The new method is believed to have given good results.

All students are supposed to know Newton's laws of mechanics.

The result is expected to agree with theoretical predictions.

The Greeks seem to have manufactured the first lens.

Such reaction was not observed to happen.

There does not appear to be an agreement between these results.

They can hardly be said to have discovered this phenomenon.

Dr. Irmes was expected to report his new discoveries.

 

Exercise 2. Open the brackets and choose the Infinitive in the Active or Passive Voice.

 

1. They are glad (invite / be invited) to the party.
2. I don’t like (interrupt / be interrupted).
3. He will be happy (see/ be seen) you.
4. I was glad (meet/be met) at the station.
5. Children like (tell/be told) tales and always (listen/ be listened) to them with interest.
6. I did not think (interrupt/ be interrupted) you.
7. He is glad (send/be sent) abroad.
8. He likes (ask/be asked) his professor questions.
9. He does not like (ask/ be asked) questions because he does not know how to answer them.
10. Be careful with him. He is a very resentful person. He can’t bear (joke/be joked at).
11. He does not like (laugh/be laughed) at other people.
12. Look, a ship can (see/be seen) in the distance. Can you (see/ be seen) it?

 

Exercise 3. Change the sentences according to the examples.

 

A

Example: It is simple to solve this problem. – This problem is simple to solve.

It is difficult to speak to such people. – Such people are difficult to speak to.

 

1. It is expensive to buy a mink coat.
2. It is impossible to get a good dinner in our canteen.
3. It was difficult to start an  engine in such cold weather.
4. It is dangerous to stand on this ladder.
5. It is rather difficult to deal with stubborn people.
6. It is dangerous to drive a car in big cities.
7. It is interesting to meet new people.
8. It is simple to communicate with people due to Internet.
9. It was unpleasant to watch their quarrel.
10. It is always funny to listen to him.

 

B

Example: He came to the party the last.  – He was the last to come to the party.

1. He is the only one among us who gave up smoking.
2. I was the next who spoke on the topic.
3. He was the first who raised this question.
4. She was the second who got an excellent mark.
5. Paul was the last who greeted me.
6. She is the first who was fired.
7. He was the only one who jumped with a parachute.
8. I am the next who will be interviewed.
9. He was the only one who could speak Japanese.
10. I was the first who noticed the mistake.
11. His horse came in the race the last.
12. She was the first among us who recognized them.

 

 

C

Example: It was the best time when she could find them at home. – It was the best time for her to find them at home.

 

1. Here is a simple English book that you can read.
2. The first thing they must do when they arrive is to phone home.
3. This is a problem you should solve by yourself.
4. There is nothing that we can add.
5. These are children you can play with.
6. It is not a question you may laugh at.
7. There is nothing that we can do now.
8. These are nice flowers you can buy.
9. It was a little town where they could live a quiet life.
10. It is quite natural that they will get married.

 

Complexes with the Infinitive

Complex Object

Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian

 

1. There’s some information I want you to obtain.

2. He likes to see them work.

3. I don’t want them to say anything to me.

4. James watched her go.

5. I was dusting the saloon, and I saw him pass, and his face was white.

6. He let them go.

7. He saw the pain come into Jawson’s eyes.

8. We’ve often heard him whisper something to himself.

9. You can’t expect all people to take your words for granted.

10. Every one considered John Spenlow just the person to represent the firm.

11. He didn’t notice Mary approach them from behind.

12. We’ll make him come

13. You shouldn’t let the boy eat so much chocolate.

 

Exercise 2. Match two parts of the sentences.

 

1. She goes swimming  a) Why not go to the country?
2. They have to stay in.  b) to shout at Ann?

    They can’t afford

3. Are you fit enough   c) to have a holiday.

4. To spend too much   d) to ask for help.

Money

5. To err is human,    e) to post it?

6. Don’t hesitate to phone  f) to see how she is

me

7. The weather is fine.   g) to try and keep her weight down.

8. The  letter is urgent.   h) if you need help.

Could you remind me

9. I am sure, she is OK.  i) would be foolish.

We could telephone

10. Who allowed you   j) to take part in the competition?

11. She is too proud   k) to forgive divine.

12. Ann is tired. She is  l) to go out very much.

 Eager

 

Exercise 3. Make up sentences with Complex Object with the Infinitive

 

1. speak, I, have, heard, of his boyhood, never, him.

2. about something I, quite different, me, you, want, to tell.

3. what, this, her, say, made?

4. without, her; let, my sister, go, a word.

 

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences.

1. Я хочу, чтобы ты просмотрела эти письма.
2. Мы не ожидали, что он согласится с ними.
3. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы были готовы через час.
4. Что заставило его переехать на новую квартиру?
5. Интересно, что его так рассердило?
6. Я никогда не слышал, чтобы он говорил неправду.
7. Никто не заметил, что я открыл дверь и вышел.
8. Он хочет, чтобы вы ему помогли.
9. Она попросила Анн показать ей письма.
10. Я полагаю, что они раньше следующей пятницы не вернутся.
11. Все считают его способным художником.
12. Он велел помощнику все приготовить.
13. Тебе бы хотелось, чтобы они передумали?
14. Они не ожидали, что погода изменится.
15. Ты не хочешь, чтобы это было забыто?
16. Хотите ли вы, чтобы их познакомили с вами?
17. Ваша история меня очень огорчила.
18. Эта новость сделала меня совсем счастливым.
19. Я хочу, чтобы вы познакомились с моим братом.
20. Он хочет, чтобы я поехал в Лондон на днях.
21. Они хотят, чтобы мы перевели 3 статьи на английский.
22. Мне  бы хотелось, чтобы он стал юристом.
23. Она бы хотела, чтобы они пригласили ее на обед.
24. Вы хотите, чтобы я сказал правду?
25. Он хочет, чтобы вы сделали доклад?
26. Она хочет, чтобы Петра повысили по службе.
27. Хотели бы вы, чтобы я показал вам достопримечательности?
28. Хотели бы вы, чтобы Елена присоединилась к нам?
29. Я видел, что вы вышли из дома.
30. Он видел, что я вошел в комнату.
31. Он слышал, как она пела.
32. Они слышали, как мы кричали друг на друга.
33. Они заметили, что Петр побежал за угол.
34. Вы видели, как они садились на 10-й автобус?
35. Он видел, как я сошел с автобуса?
36. Они слышали, как ты кричишь на Анну?
37. Вы заметили, что он на все смотрит?
38. Ее слова разозлили меня.
39. Его речь осчастливила нас.
40. Кто вас заставил сделать это?
41. Почему вы всех так нервируете?
42. Что его заставляет так рано вставать?
43. Кто разрешил вам брать мои книги?
44. Почему вы разрешаете дочери ложиться так поздно?
45. Я никому не разрешаю пользоваться моей машиной.
46. Он не разрешает нам смотреть телевизор по утрам.
47. Позвольте мне помочь вам.