Упражнения по грамматике английского языка

 

Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into English using the Passive Voice.

 

1. За ним послали  двадцать минут назад. Он должен  скоро прийти. 2. Этот вопрос сегодня  обсуждаться не будет. 3. Ему всегда  поручают важные задания. 4. В прошлом  году на нашей улице построили  новый магазин. 5. Эта книга еще  переведена на русский язык. 6. Я чувствую, что готовится какой-то опасный план. 7. В Москве каждый год строят много новых школ и детских садов. 8. Если за вами пришлют, не отказывайтесь прийти. 9. Почему на эту статью никогда не ссылаются? 10. Как только вещи были уложены, послали за машиной. 11. Я много о ней слышала. О ней хорошо отзываются. 12. Этого лектора всегда слушают с интересом. 13. Ему еще ничего об этом не говорили. 14. Книги этого автора часто спрашивают. 15. Было рассмотрено много способов, а об этом даже не подумали. 16. Больного не будут оперировать без его согласия. 17. Вам задавали дополнительные вопросы на экзамене? 18. В магазине ему предложили много книг на интересующую его тему. 19. Девочку бранят, вот почему она плачет. 20. Их приветствовали все, кто находился в зале. 21. Я почувствовала, что на меня смотрят. 22. За книгу уже уплачено. Можете взять ее. 23. Почему здесь так холодно? – Зал только что проветривали. 24. Новая библиотека была построена до того, как вы поступили в университет? 25. Пока варили ужин, мальчики сидели вокруг костра и разговаривали. 26. Когда включили радио, концерт шел уже примерно с полчаса. 27. Когда лодка пропала из виду, мы начали беспокоиться. 28. В этом доме не живут. Его скоро снесут. 29. Мне сказали, что уже ничего нельзя изменить, так как решение принято. 30. Не входите. Там экзаменуют последнего студента.

 

Exercise 7. Translate the following questions into English using the passive voice. (Dictation-translation.)

 

1. Кто сконструировал  этот прибор? 2. Где сейчас конструируют  этот прибор? 3. Как долго конструируется этот прибор? 4. Где конструируются такие приборы? 5. Когда будет сконструирован этот прибор? 6. Чей фортепьянный концерт сейчас исполняется? 7. Интересно, сколько раз уже исполнялся этот концерт. 8. Скажите, когда этот концерт исполнялся в первый раз? 9. В который раз уже обсуждается этот вопрос? 10. Часто у вас обсуждаются подобные вопросы? 11. Давно уже этот вопрос обсуждается? 12. Обсуждался ли где-нибудь этот вопрос, до того как он был передан в комитет? 13. Его можно было видеть в саду в любую погоду. 14. Такие туфли нельзя носить в плохую погоду. 15. Над ним всегда смеялись, когда он был школьником. 16. Зимой свет зажигается очень рано. 17. За билеты было давно уплачено.

 

 

 

Exercise 8. Translate into English/ (Dictation-translation.)

 

1. О ней очень хорошо  отзываются. 2. Свет в квартире  погас, и послали за электромонтером. 3. В магазине ему предложили  целый ряд книг на интересующую  его тему. 4. Можно ли положиться  на эти цифры? 5. Будет ли ему  предоставлена возможность пользоваться лабораторией? 6. Задавали ли вам дополнительные вопросы на экзамене? 7. Решение, к которому, наконец, пришли, было всеми одобрено. 8. Их тепло благодарили за помощь. 9. Надо положить конец этим бесполезным спорам. 10. В детском саду за детьми не только присматривают и не только играют с ними, но также учат их песням и танцам, читают им, водят в кино и детские театры.

 

Indirect Speech

Sequence of Tenses

 

Exercise1. Use the Indirect Speech, start with “He said, he asked, he told me,” and so on.

 

1. I have never been here before.
2. She is sorry he didn’t count yesterday.
3. He will answer the letter when he gets the information.
4. I expect to hear some news tomorrow, I’ll tell you if I do.
5. Is he invited to the party?
6. Do you know when he will arrive in Moscow?
7. What exhibition did you visit last week?
8. Why are you insisting on it?

Exercise 2. Change the following sentences Into Indirect Speech.

a)

1. I hope to pass the examination.

2. The teacher is listening to us

3. I have never been to New York

4. I made no mistakes in the last dictation.

5. I haven’t read many English books.

6. I didn’t send the letter by air mail.

7. My friend is studying medicine at the university.

8. I don’t feel tired.

9. My friend has eaten all the chocolates.

10. I haven’t seen my uncle for a long time.

11. I’m not asking a question.

12. My brother goes to bed early.

 

b)

1. Jack told his father, “I have lost my notebook.”.

2. Henry said to me, “I didn’t throw stones at your dog.”

3. Bob said to Tom, “Henry doesn’t sit next to me in class.”

4. I told the policeman, “I saw the thief in the garden.”

5. He said, “1 have eaten nothing for two days.”

6. Jack’s father said to him, “You haven’t cleaned your shoes.”

7. Mary said, “I don’t want to wear my old dress.”

8. My mother said to me, “I feel very tired, and I have a headache.”

9. My friend told me, “We have plenty of time to do our work.”

10. I said to my sister, “George has written me a long letter.”

 

Exercise 3. Change the following sentences into Direct Speech.

 

1. The farmer said that he hadn’t grown any wheat since 1975.

2 The teacher told his students that he was going to give them a test.

3. I told him that I hadn’t seen his brother for a long time.

4. Henry told the teacher that he liked arithmetic, but he didn’t like algebra.

5. She told the grocer that she didn’t want any sugar.

6. We told the teacher that we didn’t understand his question.

7. I told the taxi-driver that he was driving too fast.

8. She said that her children were playing in the garden.

9. The teacher told his students that he was pleased with their work.

10. My sister said that she hadn’t got a watch.

 

Exercise 4. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech. Decide whether to use ‘told’ or ‘asked’, or whether either of these two verbs is suitable.

A.

I. I said to Jack, “Please give me your dictionary.”

2. The bus-conductor said to the passengers, “Don’t get off the bus while it is going.”

3. Mary said to her brother, “Take the letter to the Post Office, please.”

4. The teacher said to Torn, “Collect the exercise-books and put them on my table.”

5. The old man said to the little girl, “Don’t run across the street.”

6. The teacher said to the pupils, “Learn the poem by heart.”

7. I said to my friend, “Meet me outside the cinema at six o’clock.”

8. Mary’s mother said to her, “Don’t go out without your coat.”

9. The teacher said to the students, “Open your books at page 60.”

10. The doctor said to the sick man, “Don’t go back to work for a fortnight.”

11. Jack said to the policeman, “Tell me the time, please.”

12. The teacher said to the student, “Clean the blackboard, please.”

 

B.

1. I asked my friend, “How do you feel after your holiday?”

2. Margaret asked Richard, “Where are you going for your holidays?”

3. Ann asked Mary, “What do you usually have for breakfast?”

4. Jack’s father asked him, “Who are writing a letter to?”

5. The teacher asked Bob, “When did you learn to swim?

6. 1 saw a cloud of smoke and asked, “What is burning?”

7. Mary’s mother asked her, “Where have you put your shoes?”

8. 1 asked her, “Who gave you that watch?”

9. Peter asked me, “When are you going to have dinner.”

10. Mr. Smith asked him “How much do you spend on food every week?”

11. The policeman asked me, “Where did you lose your wallet?”

12. The teacher came into the classroom and asked the pupils, “What are you doing?

13. Henry asked Tom, “Whom did you visit in the hospital?”

14. 1 asked Bob, ”Why didn’t you answer my letter?”

15. There was a crowd in the street. I asked a man in the crowd, “What is the matter?”

16. The teacher wrote the answers on the blackboard and then asked, “Who has got all the answers right?”

17. The little boy asked his father, “Why does a policeman wear a uniform?”

18. I asked him, “Who are you looking at?”

19. A man asked his friend, “When did you buy your car?”

20. Tom asked the teacher, “What does the word mean?”

 

Exercise 5. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.

 

I. I asked the old gentleman, “Are you feeling tired?”

2. The hotel manager asked the visitors, “Did you sleep well?”

3. He asked his wife, “Is the baby asleep or awake?”

4. The teacher asked Tom, “Do you come to school by bus or on foot?”

5. A man stopped me in the street and asked, “Have you got a match?”

6. The teacher asked us “Do you understand the question or not?”

7. Henry’s father asked his son, “Do you want to be an engineer or a doctor?”

8. 1 asked Peter, “Are you going to play football on Friday or on Saturday?”

9. The teacher asked me, “Do you spell ‘swimming’ with one ’m’ or a double ’m’?

10. He asked his secretary, “Has the postman been yet?”

 

Exercise 6. Put the following into Indirect Speech.

 

1.“We have a lift but very often it doesn’t work,” they said. 2. “We have moved into our new flat. We don’t like it nearly so much as our last one,” said my aunt. 3. “Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun she said. 4. “I’ve been in London for a month but so far I haven’t had time to visit the Tower,” he said. 5. He said, “My wife has just been made a judge.” 6. “Who put salt in my coffee?” he asked. 7. “Why did you travel first class?” I asked him. 8. “What else did you see?” I asked the boy. 9. “What is your new house like?” I asked them. 10. “Did they understand what you said to them?” he inquired.  11. “Haven’t you got a television set?” he asked. 12. “When you don’t like a film do you stay to the end or walk out in the middle?” she asked. 13. “Don’t argue with your father,” 1 said. I4.“Wait for me at the bridge,” said the young man. 15. “Don’t make a sound,” he said in a whisper. 16. “Don’t go near the water, children,” she said. I “Don’t forget your sandwiches” said his mother. 18. “Please don’t say anything to make her angry,” said my father. 19. “Please don’t leave the gate open,” the farmer said to the visitors. 20. “Don’t climb that tree in your new trousers, Richard,” his father said.

 

Exercise 7. Translate into English paying attention to the sequence of tenses.

 

1. Я знал, что она не прочитала письмо. 2. Она считала, что ананасы растут на деревьях. 3. Он сказал нам, что расплатился с долгами (pay one’s debts) больше месяца назад. 4. Она сказала, что пишет это сочинение (composition) уже три месяца. 5.Она не знала, успешно ли закончилась (be a success)  операция. 6. Том позвонил в полицию и сказал, что все его вещи украдены. 7. Капитан приказал всем подняться на борт (get aboard). 8. Они не знали, будут ли опубликованы результаты их исследований. 9. Я думал, что он работает, и не вошел в комнату. 10. Он просил чтобы она не беспокоилась. 11. Я не знаю, когда он приедет в Москву. 12. Они поинтересовались, бывал ли я когда-нибудь заграницей (abroad). 13. Он сказал им, что они не должны говорить об этом сейчас. 14. Наш гид (guide) рассказал нам, что замок (castle) был возведен в 14-м веке. 15. Я надеюсь, что новый мост будет построен  в следующем году. 

 

Exercise 8. Translate into English paying attention to the sequence of tenses.

 

1. Я знал, что когда  они вернутся, они обязательно позвонят нам. 2. Он сказал мне, что они не поедут туда, пока не узнают адреса. 3. Она сказала, что встретила приятеля, с которым училась в школе. 4. Она сказала мне, что вряд ли узнает район, так как он сильно изменился. 5. Он спросил, что я буду делать, когда выйду на пенсию (retire). 6. Он сказал, что как только документы будут получены, их пришлют нам. 7. Медсестра (nurse) сказала, что мы сможем поговорить с врачом только после того,  как он осмотрит больного (examine a patient). 8. Он спросил меня, есть ли какая-нибудь надежда, что я изменюсь. 9. Корреспондентам сообщили, что проблема цен еще обсуждается и как только она будет решена, контракт будет подписан. 10. Он сказал, что прошло пять лет с тех пор, как они женаты.11. Он напомнил (remind) мне, что когда мы были студентами, мы всегда помогали друг другу. 12. Профессор сказал, чтобы я не приходил, пока не выучу весь материал.

MODAL VERBS

 

Obligation and Likelihood

Must, Need

 

Exercise 1. Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs must, have to or be to.

 

1. You ______ (not tell) him about it. It's a secret. 2. It looks like rain. You _____ (take) your raincoats. 3. You _____ (not talk) so loudly here. 4. In his youth he ____ (work) from morning till night to earn his living. 5. He ____ (wait) at the station till it stopped raining. 6. The secretary informed us when the manager ____ (come). 7. They ____ (leave) on Saturday, but because of the delay with their visas they ____ (book) tickets for Monday. 8. They ____ (not tell) him anything about it before they get further instructions. 9. He ____ (leave) for London that night. 10. _____ I (do) it all by myself? 11. It was too late to change their plans and they ____ (put up) with it. 12. You ___ (not prepare) all this work, I will help you. 13. Stay here till she is free. I think you ____ (not wait) long. 14. We ____ (conduct) a series of experiments this week. 15. Remember that we ____ (be) at this place not later than noon.

 

Exercise 2. Choose the correct variant.

 

1. His German is very poor.  He must (study/be studying/have studied) very hard. 2. His German is very good, he must (study/be studying/have studied) very hard. 3. His German is considerably improved, he must (study/be studying/have studied) hard during his holiday. 4. He must (study/be studying/have been studying) German these two years, his German is rather rich and fluent. 5. She must (have taken/be taking/have been taking) a bath at that moment that's why she did not answer your call. 6. She must (be/be being/have been) at home now, we saw her leaving the office. 7. She must (be/be being/have been) at home, she can't go away because there is no one to look after her sick mother. 8. You must always (think/be thinking/have thought) twice before you say anything. 9. Now he must (think/ be thinking/have thought) of what she has said. 10. He knows they are coming. They must (write/be writing/ have written) to him of their arrival in due time. 11. She must (play/be playing/have been playing) the piano now. 12. The foreigner must (understand/understood/have understood) me, for he nodded his head. 13. Where is Sara? I haven't seen her for a long time. – She must (stay/be staying/have stayed) at her friends'. She wanted to spend July with them. 14. He must (get/be getting/ have got) all he needed, otherwise he would have come again, 15. We must (meet/have met/have been meeting) somewhere before.

 

Exercise 3. Open the brackets and use the proper infinitive after the verb must.

 

1. Look! All people in the street are going with their umbrellas up. It must (rain). 2. He has changed his job. He must (follow) your advice. 3. He must (fall) ill. Otherwise he would have come to the party. 4. Where is Michael? He must (be) here by now. – He lives in the country. He must (miss) the train. 5. What a dreadful noise! What is the matter? – Our neighbors must (quarrel) again. 6. Nobody must (notice) that he was not used to speaking in public. 7. The criminal must (be) very careful. He did not leave any fingerprints. 8. We are late, I am afraid. Ann must (wait) for us. 9. He must (forget) that he promised to come. 10. They must (write) a composition for two hours. They must (be) tired. 11. You must (misunderstand) me, I did not want to hurt your feelings. 12. Nobody must (see) him enter. Everybody started when he came in. 13. I hear someone’s steps outside. She must (go). 14. You may find him in the garden. He must (read). 15. It is impossible to change anything. One must (take) things as they are.

 

Exercise 4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the verb must.

 

E x a m p l e: I am sure they have changed the time. –

 

                      They must have changed the time.

 

1. They are in Greece. I am sure they are enjoying themselves. 2. She is an experienced teacher. I am certain she has been working at school for at least twenty years. They have probably finished painting the house. 14. I feel sure she is at home. 5. Probably they have already passed the frontier. 6. She is sure he is playing cards with his friends. 7. She is not very young? As she seems to be. I think she is nearly forty. 8. I think you have visited this place before. 9. He has to do a very urgent task. I feel sure he is working now. 10. He is so absent-minded. I am sure he left the letter unanswered. 11. You know he is a good tennis player. He is no doubt has won this match. 12. I shan’t bother you any longer; no doubt you feel tired of my talking after a tiring day. 13. It is clear that they are expecting somebody. 14. She was obviously upset by something, i never saw her so nervous. 15. The youth is probably reading something funny. He is smiling all the time.

 

Exercise 5. Choose the right variant.

 

1. He wants us to obey him. We ____ exactly what he says.

a) have to do

b) must to do

c) are to do

 

2. Mrs/ Sparred ____ very beautiful when she was young. She has a fine face.

a) was to be

b) must have been

c) must be

 

3. You _____ so late. You should leave after dinner.

a) are not to stay

b) don’t hare to stay

c) must not stay

 

4. Something ____ . He ____ at seven.

1. must happen, must come
2. must have happened, had to come

c) must have happened, was to have come

 

5. Yesterday's rain spoiled my shoes completely and. I ____ new ones.

1. had to buy
2. must have bought
3. was to buy

 

6. Which of them _____ the documents?

1. must have brought
2. have to bring
3. was to bring

 

7. The only thing he knew for certain was that he ____ them,

1. must not meet
2. didn’t have to meet
3. was not to meet

 

8. You can’t come in. You ____ a catching disease like that.

1. must not have
2. don’t have to have
3. aren’t to have