Упражнения по грамматике английского языка

 

9. There ____ a garden once.

1. was to be
2. must have been
3. must be

 

10. We ____ in. The weather is changing.

1. must go
2. must have gone
3. are to go

 

Exercise 6. Translate into English using the verb must and its equivalents.

 

1. Он, должно быть, слышал об этом. 2. Этот дом, должно быть, построен в начале столетия. 3. Вы не должны прекращать работу, пока вы ее не закончите. 4. У них, вероятно, сейчас урок. 5. Не огорчайся, он, должно быть, сделал это случайно. 6. Он, вероятно, сейчас спит. 7. Я ищу этот дом вот уже полчаса и нигде не могу его найти. Должно быть, она дала мне неправильный адрес, 8. Мне не пришлось делать этот чертеж. 9. Он, вероятно, не успел закончить работу к пятнице и был вынужден потратить на нее все выходные, т.к. ее нужно было закончить к понедельнику. 10. Она, должно быть, не полила сад. Земля очень сухая. 11. Выбора не было, и им пришлось согласиться. 12. Она, должно быть, ждет нас дома. 13. Она должна ждать нас дома. 14. Ей, наверное, не сказали, что мы уже вернулись. 15. Ей пришлось извиниться, хотя это и было неприятно.

 

7. Analyse the meaning of to have.

 

1. King Lear had three daughters. 2. Have a look at the picture. I think it is a Repin. 3. I have to answer many letters. 4. I have some information to pass on to you. 5. During our trip we had an accident in which I had my leg badly hurt. 6. I’ll have him come at six o’clock if that suits you. 7. He has just come from abroad. 8. You will have to leave at six to catch the train. 9. Is that all you have to say to me? 10.  There are two kinds of speeches: there is the speech which a man makes when he has something to say, and the speech when he has to say something.

 

8. Change the following info the negative

 

1. Mother has to cook dinner after work. 2. He had to sit up late with this work. 3. You will have to get up very early to-morrow. 4. The girl had to take care of her younger sister and brothers. 5. She will have to do it once over again. 6. These documents have to be filed. 7. They had to cover the whole distance on foot. 8.  We shall have to  speak to him about it.

 

9. Explain the difference in meaning between the two sentences in the following pairs.

 

1. a) The plane  was not to take off at night as the weather was too bad. b)  The plane was to have taken off at night, but the weather was too bad. 2. a) There was to be an interesting concert last night, but I didn’t feel  well and had to stay at home. b) There was to have been an interesting concert last night, but the singer fell ill and the concert had to be postponed. 3. a) The order came that we were not to leave the village before dawn. b) We were not to have left the village before dawn, but by the time the order came we were two miles away from it.

 

10. Insert the verb to be to or to have to in the necessary tense form.

 

1. I wondered what … to happen to us. 2. It looks like raining. You … to take your raincoats. 3. We agreed that the one who came first … to reserve seats for the rest of us. 4. Nobody met me at the airfield as I … to have arrived a day later and could not warn any of my friends of the change. 5. He always puts off doing what he … to do until it … to be done. 6. We … to leave on Monday, but because of a two days’ delay with the visas we … to book tickets for Wednesday. 7. There is nothing strange in what he did. It… to be expected. 8. It was too late to change the plan, and it … to remain as it was. 9. You … not to tell him about it if  you don’t want to. 10. You…not to tell him anything about it before you get further instructions. 11. They hoped to spend the summer together, but that … not to be. 12 … I to do it all by myself? 13. When no food … to be had he seemed capable of doing without.

 

11. Translate into English using to have to, to be to or must.

 

1. Вы должны приготовить эту  работу к четвергу. 2. Я должен  был приготовить эту работу  к четвергу (два варианта). 3. Вы  не должны прекращать эту работу, пока не закончите ее. Завтра  уже четверг. 4. Мне пришлось приготовить  эту работу к четвергу. 5. Мне  придется приготовить эту работу к четвергу. 6. Ему приходится готовить эту работу сегодня, так как все эти дни он был занят. 7. Вам не придется готовить эту работу. 8. Мне не нужно было готовить эту работу. 9. Так как он приготовил все заранее, ему не нужно делать этого теперь. 10. Если бы он не приготовил все заранее, ему нужно было бы сделать это теперь. 11. Если бы мы приготовили все заранее, нам не пришлось бы делать это теперь.12. «На этой неделе нам предстоит провести ряд новых опытов», - сказал директор лаборатории. 13. Выбора не было, и ему пришлось согласиться. 14. Мне было поручено сделать подробный доклад по этому вопросу, и для этого я должен был просмотреть много литературы. 15. Я должен был ходить в библиотеку почти, каждый день: оставалось всего несколько дней, до того как мне нужно было сдать доклад, а я еще не написал и половины. 16. Мне придется посидеть эти дни дома. Врач говорит, я не должен никуда выходить, пока температура не будет нормальной. 17. Я думаю, что, если бы вам довелось выполнять подобное задание в первый раз, вы бы тоже были вынуждены неоднократно обращаться к кому-нибудь за помощью. 18. Посидите здесь, пока он занят. Я думаю, вам не придется долго ждать.

 

Exercise 12. Open the brackets and^: give the correct form of the verb after need.

 

1.The vegetable garden needs (water). 2. The TV needs to be (fix). 3. They need (come) here at three o'clock. 4. The cottage needs to be (repair). 5. She needs (prepare) harder for her exams. 6. The lawn needs (cut). 7. You need (book) a ticket beforehand. 8. Granny needs to be (look after). 9. The walls need to be (paper). 10. I need (get) this book somewhere.

 

Exercise 13. Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with either didn't need (to) or needn't have (done).

 

1. You ____ (go) into so many details. The report was too long. 2. She got up late because she was alone and she ____ (cook) breakfast for the whole family. 3. We ____ (hurry): she wasn't ready yet. 4. He ____ (return) to the office so he took a taxi and went home. 5. I ___ (take) a bus because Martin gave me a lift. 6. We ___ (come) so early. Now we must wait. 7. She ___ (go) shopping so she went straight home. 8. You ____ (make) this remark. I am sure he felt hurt. 9. She was on holiday and she ____ (wake up) early. 10. He ____ (spend) so much money. Does he remember that he’s got three children?

 

Exercise 14. Analyse the meaning of the verb need.

 

1. You may keep the money I’ve given you, I don’t need it yet. 2. Must I go there immediately? – No you needn’t. Wait till I ring you up. 3. Need you bother about such trifles? 4. Do you need my help? 5. You needn’t have gone into so many details. The report was too long. 6. Mr. Maugham is very discreet, Louisa: you needn’t be afraid of telling him anything. 7. “All is agreed and understood between us now, Trot,” said my aunt, “and we need talk of this no more.”

 

Exercise 15. Translate into English using the verb need.

 

1. Зря ты сказал  Майку об этом. 2. Его не надо  об этом спрашивать. 3. Мне нужна  ваша помощь. 4. Зря ты учил текст  наизусть (by heart); учитель его не спрашивал. 5. Вечером температура упала, и он решил, что ему не нужно идти к врачу. 6. Разве ты не видишь, что ему надо подстричься? 7. Зря он отказался от приглашения. 8. Вы купили машину только год назад. Неужели ее надо красить? 9. Мне нужно наладить (fix) компьютер. 10. Джону не надо было ехать в Лондон, и он решил провести выходные в Брайтоне.

 

Exercise 16. Translate into English using the verbs must, to be (to)  to have (to) or need. (Dictation-translation).

 

1. Сказал ли преподаватель, что мы должны выучить этот текст наизусть? 2. Я не знал, что этот текст не надо учить наизусть. 3. Зря вы учили этот текст наизусть; его надо было просто читать. 4. Не шумите: дети, должно быть, спят. 5. Никто, наверное, не сказал ему об этом. 6. Они должны были прийти в 5, а уже 6 часов. 7. Они, наверно, забыли, что должны были прийти в 5 часов. 8. Надеюсь, вас не пришлось долго ждать, да? 9. Надеюсь, вам не придется долго ждать. 10. Эту книгу можно найти в любой библиотеке. 11. Стоит ли волноваться из-за таких пустяков?

Should /Ought to

 

Exercise 1. Match the parts of the sentences.

 

 

2. My room is in a mess and my friends are coming to visit me tonight.
3. You haven't paid your monthly rent yet, Friday is the last day you can do it.

 

a) He should always turn them on in the dark otherwise he may have an accident.

2. You ought to go on a diet.

с) You should ring her up and apologise.

 

4. Tom drives the car without headlights.
5. Anna's library book is due today.
6. I've got put on weight recently.
7. I am afraid, I was rude to Kate yesterday.
8. I've it urgent work and my computer does not work.
9. He has a bad toothache.
10. I have a test tomorrow but there is a film on TV I've wanted to see so much.
11. She has a bad cough but she goes on smoking. 
    

4. She ought to give up smoking.

5. He should go to the dentist's.
6. You ought to put it in order.
7. You should record the film. Have you got a VCR?
8. You ought to go to the bank till Friday and pay it.
9. You should phone Nick. He's got clever fingers.
10. She ought to return her books today if she doesn't want to pay a fine.

 

 

 

Exercise 2. Choose the right variant.

 

1. She looks bad. She should (be/have been) more careful about her health. 2. You shouldn't (miss/have missed) the chance. It was a brilliant opportunity for you. 3. I think the policeman was right. She shouldn't (exceed/have exceeded) the speed. 4. I ought to (bring/have taken) the opera glasses. Now I see nothing. 5. It seems to me that he is a hot-temper person and often flies into a rage because of mere trifles. He should (control/ have controlled) his temper. 6. They should (clear/have cleared) up the problem long time ago. 7. 1 ought not (to stay/Have stayed) there long. The party was a failure. 8. You should (shave/have shaved) this beard of yours! 9. She should (be/have been) more attentive. Didn't she see a car on the right? 10. It's a secret. You ought not to (reveal/have revealed) it to anybody.

 

 

 

Exercise 3. Choose the right variant.

 

1. Don't argue with her, you _____ her age.

1. need respect

2. have to respect
3. ought to respect
4. are to respect

 

2. You ______it long ago.

1. must do

2. should have done
3. needn't have done
4. are to do

 

3. This is serious; you _______ at it.

1. haven't to laugh

2. should not laugh
3. don't have to laugh
4. must not have laughed

 

4. There _____ an interesting concert last night, but I didn't feel well and __________ home.

1. had to be, had to stay

2. should be, was to stay
3. must be, ought to stay
4. was to be, had to stay

 

5. According to the rules a football player ________ the ball with his hands.

1. must not touch

2. need not touch
3. don't have to touch
4. must not have touched

 

6) The situation was dangerous. You ______ frightened.

1. should have got
2. must have got
3. have to get
4. need have got

 

7. We ________to write and thank them for their hospitality.

a) must not forget

b) must not have forgotten

c) shouldn't forget

5. don't have to forget

 

8. Why ________I know where he is?

1. should

2. must
3. need
4. ought

 

9. They ________ more polite.

1. need have been

2. should have been
3. must have been
4. are to have been

 

10. You _________ so much noise or you'll wake up the baby!

a) must not make

b) must not have made

c) needn't have made

5. don't have to make

 

Exercise 4. Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with must, have to, be to, should, need, ought to, (in some cases you may have several variants).

 

1. He____ (not go) to court because the case was dismissed. 2. If I'm late, I'll ____ (take) a taxi. 3. The young ____ (respect) the old age. 4. The conversation grew awkward. She felt that something ___ (do), or else the party would break up. 5. They ____ (meet) tomorrow, so you ___ (not make) an appointment to see hem. 6. You ____ (have) a visa to enter a foreign country. 7. You ____ (try) and be more punctual. 8. Why are you so late? – I ___ (change) a tyre. 9. You ___ (not shout), I am not deaf. 10. They ____ (cross) the English Channel now.

 

 

Exercise 5. Insert ought to or should.

 

1. I left the young man to where he ... with my box and money. 2. My aunt … not hear of staying to dinner, lest she … by any chance fail to arrive home with the grey pony before dark. 3. “But that it … have been you who saw me drunk!” said I to Agnes. 4. Mr. Micawber was anxious that I … stay to dinner. 5. I was awkward enough in their games, and backward enough in their studies:, but custom … improve me in the first respect, I hoped, and hard work in the second. 6 “Do … you know how to buy mutton (if asked to)?” I … repeat. Dora … think a little and then reply. 7. The fact is, I have just had a telegram to say that my poor friend Bunbury is very ill again. They seem to think I … be with him. 8. I think that in both our interests it … be extremely undesirable that matters … be so left at this stage. I did not mean to say that if you … exceed the sum named in my letter to you by ten or twenty or even fifty pounds, there … be any difficulty between us. This being so, I … like you to reconsider your answer. 9. “Don’t look at the clock”,  Sarie told herself over and over again. But her eyes … stray to the clock:, … watch the slowness of the minutes, … count them  in their weary, unhurried journey.

 

Exercise 6. Translate into English using modal verbs.

 

1. Тебе следовало позвонить  ему вчера. 2. Ему не следовало  говорить с ней таким тоном  (tone). Его тон, должно быть, и обидел (hurt) ее. 3. Это должно было произойти. Всем известна его забывчивость (forgetfulness) Теперь ей нужно много переделывать. 4. Она должна была выяснить все до того, как начинать работу. Теперь ей нужно многое переделывать. 5. Ей следовало принести все документы давным-давно. Теперь слишком поздно. 6. Детям нельзя смотреть фильм ужасов. 7. Мне проводить (see off)? – Нет, не нужно. Мне придется сделать это самому. 8. В чужой стране необходимо приспосабливаться (adapt oneself) к новым условиям жизни. 9. Зря ты купил это пальто. 10. Мы, должно быть, не заметили его в этой толпе (crowd).11. Нам не надо было спешить, поэтому мы решили пойти пешком. 12. Почему я должен это делать?

 

Ability, Likelihood and Permission

 

Can, Could

 

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks with can/can't or be (not) able to in the proper form.

 

1. He ____speak English rather fluently, but that time he ____ say a word. 2. He has never ___ speak in public. 3. I used to ____ speak German very well. 4. You ____ marry her, but you ____ make her love you. 5. I ____ do it on Friday, but I ____ do it next week. 6. ____ you give me a lift to the station, please? 7. I used ____ eat a kilo of sweets for supper. 8. I have never ___ ride a bicycle. 9.You ____ see him at the meeting. He was ill. 10. I'd like ____ski very well. 11. Luckily I ____ find a taxi. 12. I _____ drive when I was fifteen. 13. I ____ hear somebody running. 14. He did not want to go there, but we ______ to persuade him. 15. She sighed. I ______ feel her hands shaking.

 

Exercise 2. Express your surprises and disbelief using can/could.

 

A in interrogative sentences

E x a m p l e: He is working now. – Can/Could he be working now?

 

1. He was at the party yesterday. 2. They are in Germany. 3. He has broken his leg. 4. They were sent to prison. 5. She got married. 6. He studies at Cambridge University. 7. She has been practising the violin for five years. 8. He has made an interesting report. 9. He has won a lot of money in the casino. 10. They will go to the Canaries next summer. 11. He has passed his English exam. 12. She will be forty in June. 13. She is stubborn. 14. He was a cruel man.

 

B in negative sentences

E x a m p l e: He bought a new car. – He can't/couldn't have bought a car.

1 You are mistaken. 2. They forget about the meeting. 3. He is writing a new novel now. 4. She has bought a new fur coat. 5. He had an accident. 6. Mary will invite the Jones to her place for the weekend. 7. They upset our plans. 8. She wastes a lot of time. 9. Mr. Fox is a reliable person. 10. She is making a cruise now.

 

Exercise 3. Translate into English.

 

1. He может быть, чтобы он был дома вчера в это время. 2. Неужели он сказал вам об этом? 3. Возможно, он и заходил к ним, когда был в Москве. 4. Он мог бы сделать это, но не захотел. 5. Неужели он отказался ехать туда? 6. Не может быть, чтобы он спал сейчас. 7. Не может быть, чтобы они уехали не попрощавшись с нами. 8. Не может быть, чтобы она вам так ответила. 9. Он мог бы приехать завтра. 10. Не может быть, что он столкнулся (collide) с другой машиной. Он такой осторожный водитель. 11. Вряд ли он забыл о своем обещании, я напоминала ему об этом вчера. 12. Он не мог прочитать эту книгу так быстро, она слишком трудна для него. 13. Они смогли бы подняться на вершину, но им помешала погода. 14. Вряд ли они поженятся; они слишком разные люди. 15. Разве мог кто-нибудь подумать, что он выиграет матч?