Рефераты по иностранным языкам

Language acquision device

13 Апреля 2013, доклад

There are many facts that are intriguing about the language. The fact that all humans have it, and all non-humans do not. The fact that children are able to learn it very quickly. The fact that there exist so many languages and children of all countries are able to acquire them at the same speed. This list can go on and on.
The way in which children acquire language is at the centre of a debate. Learning theorists such as Skinner (1957) maintained that language is acquired through reinforcement. Chomsky (1959) argued that language was far too complex to be learned so competently in such a short space of time, by cognitively immature toddlers, merely by reinforcement.

Language and identity

18 Января 2014, творческая работа

We establish our identity through our use of language – your spider diagrams showing different aspects of your identity – gender, class etc gave examples of how you use language differently in different situations

Language learning is hard work

21 Декабря 2013, сочинение

'Language learning is hard work ... Effort is required at every moment and must be maintained over a long period of time. Games help and encourage many learners to sustain their interest and work.'
'Games also help the teacher to create contexts in which the language is useful and meaningful. The learners want to take part and in order to do so must understand what others are saying or have written, and they must speak or write in order to express their own point of view or give information.'

Latin - lingua scientia et philosophia

12 Декабря 2013, реферат

Verbum " pro" , quae in area Latium nomenque ex media parte paeninsulae occupet circa oram maris Tyrrheni km2 MM . Suspendisse in area Latini appellati . Etruria cis Latiya aestivalem excultaque humanitate antiquam patriam , quia in ipsa ligula in culturae profectui totius Italiae urbe Romana atque potissimum politicis Latiya centrum . Etrusca lingua ( Etruria incolae ) linguae Italia fuit, alia ceteri , qui maxime cum latinae linguae Indoeuropaeae sic dicta dolor sit amet , Italiae .

Le système accentuel du français et sa valeur stylistique

11 Июня 2013, курсовая работа

Ajourd’hui la langue est au coeur de notre vie sociale mais on n’en a pas toujours une claire conscience. La parole, comme toutes les autres, a son dévéloppement régulier et ses lois organiques. La langue française est obligée à la langue latine qui a fait une grande contribution dont on peut observer même de nos jours - des changements profonds, mais réguliers dans la forme des mots, des altérations dans la nature des voyelle, des modification dans le système de formation des composés et dérivés. L’accent français est aussi un emprunt à la langue latine. L’accent est purement rélatif. De plus l’accent est susceptible de changer de place suivant les modifications apportées au mot ou à la phrase où il se retrouve .

Learning English

06 Апреля 2013, реферат

Learning English through songs, then surely you have ever heard anyone say. But perhaps we will not have a thorough understanding of its importance. In this article, I present and analyze thoroughly the great impact of the method nay.Viec learn English through songs, then surely you have ever heard anyone say. But perhaps we will not have a thorough understanding of its importance. In this article, I present and analyze thoroughly the great impact of this approach.

Les jeunes ne sont pas depolitises

17 Апреля 2013, статья

Sociologue au Centre d’études de la vie politique française (CEVIPOF, CNRS-Fondation nationale des sciences politiques), Anne Muxel démontre, dans son nouvel ouvrage L’expérience politique des jeunes*, comment ces derniers entretiennent avec la politique un lien construit entre héritage et expérimentation. Si leur intérêt pour ce domaine est bien réel, la forme de leur engagement, elle, a changé, tout comme le contexte même de l’action politique. Une analyse qui bouscule nombre d’idées reçues.

Les locutions proverbiales françaises et leurs équivqalents en russe

26 Января 2014, курсовая работа

Dans le domaine de la Parémiologie constrative, un des principaux obstacles à surmonter est d’obtonir une equivalence parémiologieque en vue d’analyser les parémies dans différentes langues de travail.
Dans le cadre de cette étude, n’avons retenu que deux langueges : français et russe. Noun ne charchons à proposer une simple mise en rapport entre des parémis françaises et les et leurs equivalences respectifs en russe, mais biens à tracer une voie linguistique pour élaborer un corpus de données intéressantes, indispensable à recherche dans le domain parémiologieque.

Les loisirs de mon ami français

11 Февраля 2014, реферат

Les loisirs de mon ami français .Les loisirs des jeunes Français Les jeunes Français écoutent la musique (lá , leurs gouts sont différents), lisent des livres – surtout des livres d’aventures et des romans policiers, lisent des journaux ( ceux de leurs parents et ceux qui sont écrits pour eux),écoutent la radio oú il y a des émissions faites pour les jeunes, regardent la télé. De temps á autre, ils vont voir une exposition mais fréquentent peu les musées.

Lesson plan

20 Февраля 2014, реферат

 Develop their sociolinguistic competence.
 The native language should not be used in class room; teacher and students use the target language in classroom.
 The syllabus based on situations or topic, not usually on linguistic structures.

Levels of speech acts

30 Марта 2014, курсовая работа

Speech acts are a staple of everyday communicative life, but only became a topic of sustained investigation, at least in the English-speaking world, in the middle of the Twentieth Century. Since that time “speech act theory” has been influential not only within philosophy, but also in linguistics, psychology, legal theory, artificial intelligence, literary theory and many other scholarly disciplines. Recognition of the importance of speech acts has illuminated the ability of language to do other things than describe reality. In the process the boundaries among the philosophy of language, the philosophy of action, the philosophy of mind and even ethics have become less sharp

Lexical ambiguity in headlines

07 Мая 2013, реферат

Bearing in mind all the information, given before, we are inclined to move to the practical part of this course paper. For the purposes of this paper we will identify and analyze lexical ambiguity in some its forms. Following examples are taken from “The Sun” and “The Guardian” newspapers. Popular and broadsheet paper, as they are, employ a great variety of wordplay in their headlines. Thus, comparing two different newspapers in use of the wordplay would diversify our research.

Lexical problems

14 Апреля 2014, статья

LEXICAL PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION
The study of the language is arguably the most hotly contested property in the academic realm. It becomes a tangle begetting multiple language discrepancies. That is why linguistics compares languages and explores their histories, in order to find and to account for its development and origins to give the answers to this or that language point.
Due to the semantic features of language the meanings of words, their ability to combine with other words, their usage, the “place” they hold in the lexical system of a language do not concur for the most part. All the same “ideas” expressed by words coincide in most cases, though the means of expression differ.

Lexical problems of translation

16 Апреля 2013, курсовая работа

Due to the semantic features of language the meanings of words, their usage, ability to combine with other words, associations awakened by them, the place they hold in the lexical system of a language do not concur for the most part. All the same «ideas» expressed by words coincide in most cases, though the means of expression differ.

Lexical problems of translation

12 Мая 2015, реферат

In the process of translation grammatical and lexical phenomena are taken in as inseparably connected. A word keeps its semantic identity standing in different contexts. The context determines a proper meaning of a used word in an every concrete case but all possible meanings of words are present constantly in a translator’s mind.
In order to confront correctly English and Armenian lexical units in translation of a concrete text a translator must know basic types of similar comparisons and which factors should be considered to choose a final variant of translation.

Lexikalisch-grammatische Kontrollarbeit

07 Апреля 2013, контрольная работа

1. Die Studentin wusste nicht, ob die Selbstverwaltungen volle Handlungsfreiheit haben. 2. Weißt du, dass die Kompetenzen allgemein und intern festgelegt sind. 3. Die Studenten konnten nicht antworten, wie die Zuständigkeiten innerhalb einer Behörde und zwischen Behörden genau geregelt sind. 4. Kannst du mir sagen, ob die öffentliche Verwaltung kein homogenes Gebilde ist.

Lifestyle Behaviors Associated With Lower Risk of Having the Metabolic Syndrome

09 Января 2013, статья

Shankuan Zhu, Marie-Pierre St-Onge, Stanley Heshka, and Steven B. Heymsfield
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors that predisposes individuals to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes
and is present in almost one fourth of adult Americans. Risk factors involved with the metabolic syndrome can be altered via
modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet, physical activity, and smoking and drinking habi

Linguistic pecularities of english-american fable

20 Января 2014, дипломная работа

Fables have been used in a variety of social contexts, such as pedagogical, therapeutic or religious, usually for the purpose of teaching or reaffirming a moral value. The close study of the internal structure of such type of texts is therefore a valuable aid to teachers, psychologists and related professionals in their current practices.

Linguistic peculiarities of contract

08 Апреля 2013, курсовая работа

The interest to the problem of drawing up contracts is not occasional. Nowadays more and more people are getting involved in the world of business relationships. As a result of it, business people need specialists possessing knowledge of the English language used for writing documents.
Any serious deal should be struck with the help of contracts and agreements. A written form of agreements is a guarantee that different people, for example Buyers and Sellers, will cooperate in accordance with a certain business strategy, and their interests will be taken into consideration by their partners.
A contract makes clear such things as quantity and quality of goods, their prices, delivery terms, order of payment, and other terms.

Linguistic peculiarities of contract

07 Декабря 2013, реферат

The interest to the problem of drawing up contracts is not occasional. Nowadays more and more people are getting involved in the world of business relationships. As a result of it, business people need specialists possessing knowledge of the English language used for writing documents.

Linguistic peculiarities of contracts translation

10 Декабря 2012, реферат

The interest to the problem of contracts translation is not occasional. Nowadays more and more people in our country are getting involved in the world of international business relationships. As a result of it, business people in Ukraine need specialists possessing knowledge of the English language as the language of international cooperation used for writing documents. Moreover, there is an urgent need in qualified translation from Ukrainian into English in the sphere of business because English is also a language of business documents.

Lithium-ion Batteries

18 Декабря 2014, реферат

Lithium-ion batteries are incredibly popular these days. You can find them in laptops, PDAs, cell phones and iPods. They're so common because, they're some of the most energetic rechargeable batteries available.

London

25 Декабря 2013, реферат

The history of London goes back to Roman times. Due to favourable geographical position, soon after the Roman conquest, a small town became an important trade centre. Actually, London can be divided into several parts: the City or Downtown of London, Westminster, the West End and the East End. The City is the oldest part of London with narrow streets and pavements. There are many offices, companies and banks in this part of London. The City of London is the financial centre of the United Kingdom. Only a few thousand people live there, but in the day-time it is full of people: as about half a million people come to work there. The biggest Banks and offices are concentrated in the City. The West End is the centre of London. It is full of richest hotels, largest supermarkets, best cinemas and concerthalls.

London Attractions

02 Декабря 2013, доклад

British capital , London , has experienced much . London for its rich history experienced romance occupation raids Celts, Romans , Vikings and Saxons , the city had two large fire , walked on it , as well as throughout Europe, the bubonic plague , he survived after the Nazi bombing. London - a city with centuries of history and with plenty of attractions , preserved from ancient times . London's attractions are so many that see it all for one day or does not work. Yes, and London is very large - the second largest city in Europe ( Moscow on the first ) and the first in the European Union . To save time and effort , plan your hike .

M.V. Lomonosov

08 Апреля 2014, творческая работа

Mikhail Vasilievich was the first Russian natural scientist of world importance and “Star of world science”. He was actively engaged in physics, chemistry, astronomy, geology, meteorology, and navigation. He brought the most advanced scientific theories to Russia and advanced original ideas.

Main Comparative Peculiarities of American and British English Standards

26 Марта 2014, курсовая работа

British English (BrE) is the form of English used in the United Kingdom. It includes all English dialects used within the United Kingdom.
American English (AmE) is the form of English used in the United States. It includes all English dialects used within the United States.
Written forms of British and American English as found in newspapers and textbooks very little in their essential features, with only occasional noticeable differences in comparable media [46] (comparing American newspapers with British newspapers, for example). This kind of formal English, particularly written English, is often called "standard English". [78], [37]

Main types of translation

31 Октября 2013, реферат

Though the basic characteristics of translation can be observed in all translation events, different types of translation can be singled out depending on the predominant communicative function of the source text or the form of speech involved in the translation process. Thus we can distinguish between literary and informative translation, on the one hand, and between written and oral translation (or interpretation), on the other hand.
Simultaneous translation is one of the most difficult types of interpretation, without which, as a rule, none of the international conference, seminar or Congress.
Written translation is a reproduction of the content of the original document by means of the language of translation, in written form.

Maksim Gorky

15 Июня 2015, реферат

Maksim Gorky ( Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov) (born March 16 1868) is a
Russian short-story writer and novelist who first attracted attention with his naturalistic stories of tramps and social outcasts.
Gorky's earliest years were spent in Astrakhan with his father. When he was five his father died and he returned to Nizhny Novgorod to live with his maternal grandparents.

Management of foreign exchange reserves

26 Мая 2013, курсовая работа

For many countries, especially in the emerging markets, the official foreign exchange reserves are both a major national asset and a crucial tool of monetary and exchange rate policy. It is vital therefore that this national resource is used and
managed wisely and effectively.
Management of reserves is a complex and time-consuming business. It requires clear objectives, extensive delegation, strong control systems, open and transparent reporting and a realistic appreciation of the constraints faced. If conducted properly, openly and successfully it will greatly strengthen the public’s respect for and confidence in official policy, and can make a material contribution to successful macro-economic management.

Managing Circulation Losses in a Harsh Drilling Environment: Conventional Solution vs.CHCD Through a Risk

11 Марта 2013, реферат

The presence of extensive karst/fractures along with severe circu-
lation losses prevents successful drilling using the conventional
circulation technique. For this scenario, the pressurized-mud-cap
closed-hole circulation-drilling (CHCD) technique was applied,
and it proved to be the most effective method to drill through the
Lower Carboniferous carbonate.