Education in Kazakhstan. Education in Britain.

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The educational system in Kazakhstan is conducted in two languages - Kazakh and Russian and consists of several levels of state and private educational establishments: infant schools, elementary (or primary) schools, comprehensive schools, colleges and academies. The constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan fixes the right of citizens of the republic on free-of-charge secondary education which is obligatory. The constitution prohibits any discrimination on the basis of language or ethnicity and guarantees equal rights in education regardless of nationality. Children start school at the age of 7 and finish at 17. As a rule a child attends the school, located in the neighborhood.

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II TERM

 

UNIT 1

 

EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

 

Text: Education in Kazakhstan

Grammar: The Present Perfect Tense

 

                                                 Education in Kazakhstan

The educational system in Kazakhstan is conducted in two languages - Kazakh and Russian and consists of several levels of state and private educational establishments: infant schools, elementary (or primary) schools, comprehensive schools, colleges and academies. The constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan fixes the right of citizens of the republic on free-of-charge secondary education which is obligatory. The constitution prohibits any discrimination on the basis of language or ethnicity and guarantees equal rights in education regardless of nationality. Children start school at the age of 7 and finish at 17. As a rule a child attends the school, located in the neighborhood. However, in big cities there are so-called special schools, offering more in depth studies of the major European languages (English, French, and German) or the advanced courses in physics and mathematics and children, attending one of this may have to commute from home. The first stage of education in Kazakhstan is elementary (or primary) school for grades one through four. The second is secondary school for middle grades from five through nine. Upon graduation from secondary school students are given the choice of either continuing to attend the same school (high school -senior grades 10-11) or entering a vocational or technical school. Both of these schools are meant to provide one, along with the certificate of secondary education with a number of useful skills (e.g. those of an electrician, technical or computer operators.) Having completed one's secondary education, one can either become a part of work force or go on college (institution of higher learning-Institute).

To be admitted to the institute one has to pass a series of oral or written tests. Students may get free-of-charge higher education in the higher educational institution and the limited number of the state grants is given each academic year on a competitive basis. Some college departments (law, journalism, foreign language-especially English) have dozens of applicants for one prospective student's position. The system of higher education prepares highly - skilled experts on economy, transport, agriculture, medicine, languages and others. Today the young people of Kazakhstan have the opportunity to choose and acquire various types of education and build their lives according to their ambitions.

Studying of foreign languages and development of computer skills of pupils is of a special importance. More opportunities appear for the interested persons to be trained abroad on the basis of local and state grants, scholarships and the student’s exchange programs.

 

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

 

1. Establishment (syn. institution)

  учреждение

2. infant  school                              

дошкольное учреждение

3. comprehensive  school               

общеобразовательная школа

4. Citizen                                         

Гражданин

5. Free of - charge                          

Бесплатный

6. obligatory                                   

Обязательный

7. to locate                                      

устраиваться, находиться

8. to prohibit                                   

Запрещать

9. Choice                                         

Выбор

10. Development                            

Развитие

11.to provide                                  

Обеспечивать

12. skill                                           

умение, мастерство

13. to attend                                    

Посещать

14. especially                                   

Особенно

15. according to                                 

согласно  

16.to carry out                                 

Выполнять

17.abroad                                         

за границей, за рубежом

18. Opportunity                                

Возможность

19. to appear                                    

Появляться

20. Importance                                 

Важность


 

Ex.1. Suggest the Russian for:

educational establishments; comprehension school; the right of citizens;  on the   competitive basis; regardless of nationality(независимо от национальности); highly - skilled experts;  according to; equal rights;  it is  carried  out    on the basis; the same school; special  importance(особое значение); for the   interested   persons; the  student’s; exchange  program;  obligatory;  to locate; higher educational institution; to be trained abroad; the limited  number

 

 

 Ex.2. Match the words having   the same meaning:

1. to educate                              

2. obligatory

3. Grant

4. Establishment

5. Elementary school

a) Institution; b) stipend; c) primary school; d) to teach; e) compulsory

 

Ex.3. Match the following   words and expressions from the list below.

Согласно; возможность; компьютерные навыки; развитие; общеобразовательная школа; посещать; обеспечивать; особенно; выполнять; умение,мастерство; учреждение; запрещать; бесплатный; за рубежом;

 

13)Free of charge; 3)computer skills; abroad; to provide; to carry out; to attend; comprehensive school; to prohibit; according to; establishment; development; especially; .opportunity; skill;

 

Ex.4. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word or phrase from   the list below:

1. Secondary education is ….. in Kazakhstan.(secondary shool)

2. Entry to higher   institution   is quite….

3. The second is secondary school for middle grades from … through nine.

4. More opportunities appear for the interested persons to be trained abroad on the basis… …   scholarships and the student’s exchange programs.

5 Studying of foreign languages and development …. of pupils is of a special importance.

6. The second stage of education in Kazakhstan is …….

7. Having completed   secondary education one can enter …….

Competitive, of local and state grants,   university, five, compulsory, secondary   school, of computer skills. 

 

Ex.5. Translate the sentences   from Russian into English.  

1. В Казахстане среднее образование  является  обязательным. 2. Конституция  Республики Казахстан закрепляет  право граждан республики на  бесплатное среднее образование. 3..Особое значимость приобретает   изучение иностранных языков  и  развитие   компьютерных  навыков учащихся.4. В республике  система образования состоит  из нескольких уровней государственных  и негосударственных образовательных  учреждений. 5. Ограниченное число  государственных стипендий выдается  каждый академический год на  конкурсной основе.

 

Ex.6. Answer the following questions.

1. What does the education   system of Kazakhstan consist of?

2. At what age do children start school?

3. What is the first stage of education in Kazakhstan? What grades does it include?

4. What grades does secondary school include?

5. Is higher education paid or free-of-charge in Kazakhstan? How can a student get free-of-charge higher education?

 

 

Ex.7. Speak on the following sub-topics:

a) The levels of the educational system in Kazakhstan.

b) The system of higher education in our country.

 

 

 

GRAMMAR: The Present Perfect Tense

 

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

I       have worked

He    has worked

She   has worked

It      has worked

We    have worked

You   have worked

They have worked

I        have not worked

He   has not worked

She  has not worked

It     has not worked

We    have not worked

You   have not worked

They have not worked

Have I worked?

Has he worked?

Has she worked?

Has it worked?

Have we worked?

Have you worked?

Have they worked?


I’ve worked         He’s worked     I haven’t worked   He hasn’t worked

  • The Present Perfect is always connected with the present. It denotes a completed action connected with the present. I am a little frightened for I have lost my way.
  • The Present Perfect is frequently used with the adverbs ever, never, just, already, yet, lately, recently, this morning/evening, today, this week and with the prepositions for, since. What historical places have you seen?

 

Ex.6. Read the situation and then write a suitable sentence. Use the verb given in brackets.

Example: Hugh is listening to some music. It is a new cassette (buy). Hugh has bought a new cassette.            

1. Andrew is sleeping soundly. It is late morning (oversleep)..... 2. You are going to sit down to dinner and discover there is no bread in the house. (Run out of). 3. We.... last weekend Gen went to the mountain-walking. Now she is in bed. (To catch a bad cold) 4. Your neighbors were playing their VCR very loud. Now it's quiet. (Switch off)

Ex.8. Answer the questions using the words given.

Example: Could you lend me your dictionary? (Sorry, I /just /give/it/to Mike) I     Sorry. I've just given it to Mike.

1. Has Mother come from the market? (Yes/she/just/come/from the market)    2. Have you phoned Jack yet? (Yes /I/just /phone/him) 3. Would you like some coffee? (No thanks/I/just/have/a cup)

 

Ex.9. Put in been or gone.             

Example: Where's Paul? - He has gone to the library.                     

We've been to the country today. Look, we've brought some flowers.      

1. Where have you spent your holidays? - I've ... to Italy.

2. Are you going to the shops? - No, I've just ... to the shops.

3. Is Alex home? No, he's ... to the park.

4. Are they both out? - Yes, they've both ...  to the market,

Ex.10. Make sentences with already and yet.

Example: Don't forget to pack some warm clothes. - I've already packed

them.

Have you typed the letters yet? - Yes, I've already typed them.

Have you bought that dress? - No, I haven't bought it yet, but I'm going to

buy it.

1. Why don't you have a bath?-.... .

2. Shall I buy some newspapers? - No,......

3. Have you asked Jim yet? - Yes ...  

4. Have you invited Larry and Sue? - No, I, ... but I am ... .

5. Has the manager arrived yet? – Yes, .... .

6. Has Jill written to Dad? - No. she ... .     But she ...  tonight.       

 

Ex.11. Use the words in brackets to make questions according to a pattern.

Example: (he/ever/paint/people). Has he ever painted people?

1. Have (you ever/be/to Scotland?).... .

2. Have (your parents/live/here all their lives?).... .

3. Have (you/hear/this concert?)...  .

4. Have (how many times/you/ be married?).... .

5. Have (he/ever/meet/the President?).... .

6. Have (you/ever/visit/the White House?)... .

 

Ex.12. Translate the questions and answers.

Example: Когда ты в последний раз видел Аню? - Я не видел ее с мая.

               When did you last see Ann? - I haven't seen her since May.

1. Когда в последний  раз шел дождь? - Дождя не было  целую вечность.

2. Когда они навещали  вас в последний раз? - Они не  навещали нас с июня.

3. Когда ты в последний  раз играл в теннис?— Я уже  давно не играл в                                      

теннис.

4. Когда ты в последний  раз ела кокос? - Я никогда не  ела кокос.

5. Когда ты в последний  раз водил машину? - Я не водил  машину много  

 месяцев. 

6. Когда ты в последний  раз ездил в Канаду? - Я никогда  не ездил в Канаду.


 

UNIT 2

EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

 

Text: Higher education in Kazakhstan

Grammar: The Past Perfect Tense

 

            

The Almaty State University named after Abai

In 2003 the Almaty State University (ASU) named after Abai celebrated its 75th anniversary. ASU is a classical higher education institution that gives its graduates fundamental educational and scientific training and a high level of general and professional culture.

The university has 10 departments that prepare highly qualified specialists in 94 specializations. The university offers instruction in the following languages: Kazakh, Russian, English, German, French, Arabic, Turkish, Chinese, Korean, Farsi, Uigur, etc. ASU successfully implements a multilevel system of higher education, which varies according to duration and level of training and includes educational and professional programs for secondary specialized education, higher and additional higher education, and retraining of specialists.

13 000 undergraduate students and 650 graduate and post-graduate students and university-fellows study at ASU named after Abai. Over one thousand of instructors work in 69 sub-faculties. They include 208 with doctorate degrees, 550 senior lecturers, 40 members and corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the International Academy of Sciences of the Higher School. During the past 5 years 33 doctorate and 69 graduate theses were defended by university’s instructors.

During 2001, the university’s instructors presented 62 papers at international conferences in U.S.A., France, Germany, and Czech Republic, Japan, Holland, India and CIS countries. 34 papers were presented at republic-wide conferences. 11 and 15 works correspondingly were exhibited at international and republic-wide exhibitions. 63 monographs and 45 books were published, 6 certificates of authorship were received.

The president of the country, N.A.Nazarbaev referred to the role of the Kazakhstan's oldest higher education institution as the “leader of university education in the country”. The following are honorary professors of ASU named after Abai: President of Ukraine, L.D.Kuchma; President of Belarus, A.G.Lukashenko; President of Mongolia, N.Bagabandi; President of Georgia, E.A.Shevardnadze; President of International Academy of Sciences of the Higher School V.E. Shukshunov, and others.

Electronic textbooks, educational software and laboratory workshops on various subjects are created at the university. 27 modern computer classes with Internet access are functioning. ASU has specialized language auditoriums. There are 3 ultramodern language laboratories for 90 seats – a gift of the Japanese Embassy – and language laboratories for teaching French, Turkish, German, English, Arabic and Korean languages. Embassies of foreign countries provided educational literature and study methods, video and audio materials, videotape recorders, television sets, tape recorders and other equipment. There are 920 550 books in the library.

The university maintains contact with 35 higher education institutions of U.S.A., Germany, Holland, Russia, Austria, France, Italy, Turkey, Japan, South Korea and other countries. Its instructors and staff are involved in implementing projects of Tacis and Tempus, United States Information Agency, United States International Cooperation Agency, and Asian Development Bank.

  During the last school year approximately 70 students and 40 instructors travelled abroad. Over 200 foreign citizens study at ASU.

The president of the university, Tokmukhamed Sadykov is a corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Higher School. He is a major organizer of the educational system and initiator of implementation of the best international educational standards in the Kazakhstan higher school.

Today, in the beginning of the 21st century, the Almaty State University named after Abai maintains its high status of Kazakhstan's first higher education institution, carrying on and multiplying its renowned traditions.

                                      TOPICAL VOCABULARY

 

1. Qualified                                           

квалифицированный

2. To offer                                             

предлагать

3. To implement                                    

выполнять

4. Retraining                                          

переподготовка

5. Undergraduate                                  

выпускник

6. Papers                                              

статья, диссертация

7. Exhibition                                         

выставка

8. To publish                                          

опубликовывать

9. Workshops                                        

семинар

10. To create                                          

создавать

11. To specialize                                   

специализироваться

12. Embassy                                         

посольство

13. Equipment                                      

оборудование

14. Approximately                                

приблизительно

15. To carry on                                      

выполнять

  1. To maintain                                  

поддерживать

  1. To multiply                                  

умножать

18. Scientific                                     

научный

19. Anniversary 

годовщина

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