Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 05 Декабря 2013 в 17:06, курсовая работа
Актуальность настоящей работы определяется неослабевающим интересом к фразеологии и фразеологическим единицам, их роли в отражении реальности, культуры, истории, мировоззрения и особенностей мировосприятия того или иного языкового социума. Интенсивное развитие политических технологий, возрастающая роль средств массовой информации, все большая театрализация политической деятельности способствуют повышению внимания общества к теории и практике политической коммуникации. Актуальность данной дипломной работы заключается в том, что с развитием политической и экономической деятельности появляются новые выражения и, следовательно, новые фразеологизмы. Кроме того, этому способствует и усиление деловой активности США и Великобритании, что неизбежно ведет к появлению новых языковых средств и их проникновению во все сферы жизни.
Введение………………………………………………………………..3
Глава 1. Теоретические основы изучения фразеологии…………………………………………………………..6
§1. Формирование фразеологии как отдельной науки…………..6
§2. Предмет фразеологии…………………………………………….8
§3. Параметры фразеологичности………………………………….11
§4. Разделение фразеологизмов на типы по степени фразеологической слитности их компонентов…………………...12
§5. Структурная характеристика фразеологических единиц………………………………………………………………….19
§6. Стилистическая отнесенность фразеологических единиц…………………………………………………………………..25
Выводы по первой главе……………………………………………..30
Глава 2. Функционирование фразеологических единиц в тексте…………..……………………………………………………...31
§1. Текст, понятие текста и критерии его определения…………………..31
§2. Использование фразеологических единиц в политических текстах…………………..……………………………………………..44
Выводы по второй главе…………………………………………….50
Глава 3. Функциональная значимость фразеологических единиц………………………………………………………………….51
§1. Грамматические характеристики фразеологических единиц в политических выступлениях……………………………………….51
§2. Структурно-семантические и стилистические характеристики фразеологических единиц в политических выступлениях…………………………………………………………58
§3. Анализ функционирования фразеологических единиц в политических выступлениях…………………..…………………….……..61
Заключение…………………………………………………………………..64
Библиография………………………………………
Кроме политических фразеологических единиц типа «cold war», «Big brother», «fifth column», политики обращаются к глагольным фразеологическим единицам, к фразеологизмам на основе метафоры, и к адвербиальным фразеологическим единицам.
Проанализировав их можно
обосновать теорию, описывающую механизм
убеждения посредством фразеоло
Библиография
Приложение
Полагаться на авось – to rely on off-chance.
Открыть Америку – to present as new what is known t everyone.
Во что бы то ни стало – regardless of possible obstacles or circumstances.
Вступить в свои права – to manifest itself in full measure, at full strength.
Выйти на новые рубежи – to achieve further success.
Вам и карты в руки – you must know how to do it.
Непочатый край работы – to have a lot of work to do.
Как на ладони – be clearly visible.
Стереть с лица земли – to wipe something off the face of the earth.
Сгущать краски – to over state something making it gloomier.
Забить до отказа – be filled to capacity; be full of people.
Загнать проблему в тупик – to bring a problem to a situation without prospects.
Перейти Рубикон – to take a decisive step.
Процесс пошел – be underway.
Развязать руки – to untie one’s hands.
Свет в конце туннеля – light at the end of the tunnel.
Свести на нет – to reduce something.
Повесить всех собак – to blame someone for anything bad that happens.
Смотреть правде в глаза – be realistic.
На «черный день» – to keep or save resources for an emergency.
Подвести черту – to put an end to something.
Do the honours – perform a social duty or small ceremony for others.
Between a rock and a hard place – in a situation where you are faced with two equally difficult or unpleasant alternatives.
A seed upon the wind – used to say when you don’t control the situation.
Take root – become fixed or established.
Put down roots – begin to live a settled life in a particular place.
At its best – performing as well or effectively as you are able to.
From the bottom of my heart – with sincere feeling.
Turn one’s heart towards something – be keenly involved in or committed to an enterprise.
Scapegoat – someone who is blamed for something bad that happens, even if it is not their fault.
Reap the whirlwind – suffer serious consequences as a result of your actions.
Angel rides in the whirlwind and directs the storm – there is always a calm region in the center of the storm or hurricane.
March to the music of our time – act according to the existing situation or circumstances.
Blood and sweat – extremely hard work; unstinting effort.
Arms race – the attempt by different countries to produce powerful weapon.
The backbone of America – the most important part of; set of ideas.
The heart and soul of the Republican party – a person whose vivacity and sociability makes the party enjoyable.
Break somebody’s heart – to make somebody extremely sad.
To be in office – to be in an important position.
Get underway – start happening.
Sweep across – to look quickly at all of something.
Cutting and running – make a speedy or sudden departure from an awkward or hazardous situation
Keeping one’s word – do exactly what you have promised to do.
To have the last word – to put an end to a quarrel.
Ducking or dodging – trying to hide or escape a difficult situation.
From the barrios to the Boroughs – from the lower to the upper classes.
American Dream – the ideals of freedom and open opportunities for everybody based on the belief in America’s unlimited potentials.
Within the grasp – your ability to achieve or gain something.
Go side to side – closely together with each other and helping each other.
Know what you are about – have enough skill and experience to deal with something properly.
Of your own accord – without being asked or forced to do something.
Apple of discord – a subject of dissension.
In the final analysis – when everything has been considered.
Out of the ark – extremely old-fashioned.
With open arms – with great affection or enthusiasm.
Armed at all points – prepared in every particular.
Change not for change’s sake – change so that to have real results.
As if! – used to express speaker’s belief that something is very doubtful.
As it were – in a way
At that – in addition
Have something on good authority – have ascertained something from a reliable source.
Back in the day – in the past; some time ago.
Get to the first base – achieve the first step towards your objective.
An act of evil – bad or violent actions.
At someone’s beck and call – always to be ready to obey someone’s orders immediately.
Beat the system – succeed in finding a means of getting round rules.
A bed of roses – a situation or activity that is comfortable or easy.
Make a beeline for – go rapidly and directly towards.
Beg the question – raise a point that has not been dealt with.
Tighten your belt – cut your expenditures; live more frugally.
On bended knee – kneeling especially when pleading or showing respect.
Give someone or something best – admit the superiority of.
Make the best of it – use resources as well as possible.
Get the better of – win an advantage over someone; defeat or outwit someone.
To overturn the coach – to replace the government.
The courtesy of the Senate – senators supporting each other.
Row somebody up Salt River – to defeat somebody at the election.
Gag rule – a rule made by the court to prevent any public reporting of a case which is still being considered by a court law.
Reach the wool-sack – to become a Lord Chancellor
Play fast and loose – to behave irresponsibly.
Saw wood – not to take active part in political activity.
Great Seal – the great seal of the realm.
Bide your time – wait quietly for a good opportunity.
Black box – the automatic apparatus the internal operations of which are mysterious to non-experts.
Blood and iron – military force rather than diplomacy.
By the book – strictly according to the rules.
I wasn’t born yesterday – used to indicate that you are not foolish or gullible.
Have it both ways – benefit from two incompatible ways of thinking or behaving.
Duty-bound – morally or legally obliged to do something.
Honour-bound – obliged by your sense of honour.
Pandora’s box – a process that once begun generates many complicated problems.
A breath of fresh air – a refreshing change, especially a new person on the scene.
Burn your bridges – commit yourself irrevocably.
Hold no brief for – not support or argue in favour of.
Bright spark – a clever person.
The British disease – a problem of failing supposed to be characteristically British, especially a proneness to industrial unrest.
In broad daylight – used generally to express surprise or outrage at someone’s daring to carry out a particular act, especially a crime, during the day, when anyone could see it.
A new broom – a newly appointed person who is likely to make far-reaching changes.
Big brother – the state perceived as a sinister force supervising citizens’ lives.
Bear the brunt of – be the person to suffer the most.
Built on a sand – without secure foundations; liable to collapse.
A red rag to a bull – an object, utterance, or act which is certain to provoke or anger someone.
Take the bull by the horns – deal bravely or decisively with a difficult, dangerous or unpleasant situation.
Have money to burn – have so much money that you can spend as lavishly as you want.
Bury your head in the sand – ignore unpleasant realities, refuse to face facts.
By and large – on the whole; everything considered.
Let bygones be bygones – forgive and forget past offences or causes of conflict.
Catch-22 situation – a dilemma or difficulty from which there is no escape because of mutual conflicting or dependent conditions.
Make common cause with – unite with in order to achieve a shared aim.
The wheel has turned full circle – the situation has returned to what it was in the past, as if completing a cycle.
Citizen of the world – a person who is at home in any country.
The end of civilization as we know it – used to indicate that someone is being alarm\mist or overreacting to a trivial inconvenience or blunder as if it were enormously significant and catastrophic.
Clean house – eliminate corruption or inefficiency.
Have clean hands – be uninvolved and blameless with regard to an immoral act.
Mr. Clean – an honourable or incorruptible politician.
As clear as day – very easy to see or understand.
Behind closed doors – done in a secretive or furtive way; hidden from public view.
The other side of the coin – the opposite or contrastive aspect of a matter.
A conspiracy of silence – an agreement to say nothing about an issue that should be generally known.
To your heart’s content – to the full extent of your desires.
The corridors of power – the senior levels of government or administration, where covert influence is regarded as being exerted and significant decisions are made.
Count something on the fingers of one hand – used to emphasize the small the small number of a particular thing.
Go to the country – test public opinion by dissolving parliament and holding a general election
Crystal clear – unambiguous; easily understood
Bring down the curtain on – bring to an end
Cut the Gordian knot – solve or remove a problem in a direct or forceful way
Cut someone off in the prime – bring someone’s life or career to an abrupt end while they are at the peak of their abilities.
Dance to someone’s tune – comply completely with someone’s demands and wishes.
Call it a day – decide or agree to stop doing something.
Day of reckoning – the time when past mistakes or misdeeds must be punished or paid for.
A dead letter – a law or practice no longer observed.
On deck – ready for action or work.
Hidden depths – admirable but previously unnoticed qualities
Have designs on aim to obtain something desirable, especially in an underhand way.
Dialogue of the deaf – a discussion in which each party is unresponsive to what the others say.
By dint of – by means of.
Divide and rule – the policy of maintaining supremacy over your opponents by encouraging dissent between them, thereby preventing them from uniting against you.
Dos and don’ts – rules of behaviour
Be a recipe for disaster – be almost certain to have unfortunate consequences
As one door opens, another opens – you shouldn’t be discouraged by failure, as other opportunities will soon present themselves.
Open the door to – create an opportunity for.
Dot the i’s and cross the t’s – ensure that all details are correct.
On the drawing board – under consideration, not yet put into practice.
Public enemy number one – a notorious wanted criminal.
Enough said – there is no use to say more; all is understood.
Other things being equal – provided that other factors or circumstances remain the same.
To err is human – it is human nature to make mistakes
Of the essence – critically important
Every last – used to emphasize every member of a group
Hold the field – remain the most important
Fifth column – an organized group of people sympathizing with and working for the enemy within a country at war or otherwise under attack.
Your finest hour – the time of your greatest success.
Fly the flag – represent or demonstrate support for your country, political party, or organization, especially when you are abroad.
Food for thought – something that warrants serious consideration or reflection.
Future shock – a state of distress or disorientation due to rapid social or technological change.
God willing – used to express the wish that you will be able to do as you intend or that something will happen as planned.
A grand old man of – a man long and highly respected in a particular field.
Beware the Greeks bearing gifts – if rivals or enemies show apparent generosity or kindness, you should be suspicious of their motives.
Green light – permission to go ahead with the project.
A grey area – an ill-defined situation or field not readily conforming to a category or to an existing set of rules.
Prepare the ground – make it easier for something to occur or to be developed.
Wash your hands of – disclaim responsibility for.
The hard way – through suffering and learning from the unpleasant consequences of mistakes.
Take your hat off to – state your admiration for someone who has achieved something.
Hit the headlines – be written about or given attention as news.
At the top of the heap – at the highest point of the society or organization.
Be history – be perceived as no longer relevant to the present.
Break the ice – do or say something to relieve tension or get conversation started.
The tip of an iceberg- the small perceptible part of a much larger situation or problem that remains hidden.
Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery – copying someone or something is an implicit way of paying them a compliment.
In all innocence – without knowledge of something’s significance or possible consequences.
To all intents and purposes – in all important respects.
Run interference – intervene on someone’s behalf typically so as to protect them from distraction or annoyance.
An iron curtain – an impenetrable barrier, especially the Iron Curtain, the physical and other barriers preventing the passage of people and information the Soviet bloc and the West during the cold war.
An iron hand in a velvet glove – firmness or ruthlessness masked by outward gentleness.
The law of the jungle – the principle that those who are strong and apply ruthless self-interest will be most successful.
There is no knowing – no one can tell.
How the land lies – the state of affairs.
Speak the same language – understand one another as a result of shared opinions and values.
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