Контрольная работа по "Английскому языку"

Задание 10.1. Определите видовременную форму сказуемого в следующих предложениях. Переведите их на английский язык. Правильность перевода проверьте по ключу.

1. Мы переведём этот  текст завтра (скоро). 2. Мы переведём этот текст завтра к трём часам. 3. Мы переведём этот текст  к тому времени, когда придёт  учитель. 4. Мы будем переводить  этот текст завтра в 3 часа. 5. Мы будем переводить  этот текст завтра с 3 до 4. 6. Мы будем переводить этот  текст завтра в это время. 7. Когда ты придёшь,  я буду переводить этот текст. 8. Когда ты придёшь,  я буду переводить этот текст  уже час. 9. Когда ты придёшь, я (всё  ещё) буду переводить этот текст.

a). We will/shall translate this text tomorrow (soon). b). We will/shall have translated this text by 3 o’clock tomorrow. c). We will/shall translate this text by the time the teacher comes back. d). We will/shall be translating this text at 3 o’clock tomorrow. e). We will/shall be translating this text at 3 till 4 o’clock tomorrow. f). We will/shall be translating this text at this time tomorrow. g). When you come, I will/shall translate this text. h). When you come, I will/shall have been translating this text for an hour. i). When you come, I will/shall be translating this text.

Задание 10.2. Раскройте скобки, употребив  сказуемое в нужной видовременной  форме.

1.  This time next week I (have) a lovely time. 2. I (know) the results in a week. 3. I’ll come at 3 p.m. – Good. I (expect) you. 4. When I get home my dog (sit) at the door waiting for me. 5. I hope you (stay) at home tomorrow. 6. By the end of next year I (be) here for 25 years. 7. I’ll still be here next summer but Tom (leave). 8. You (recognize) her when you see her. She (wear) a yellow hat. 9. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening. 10. Tom (not/pass) his examination. He hasn’t done any work for it. 11. We are late. I expect the film (already/start) by the time we get to the cinema. 12. Ann (probably/arrive) at about 8 o’clock. 13. I think Tom (like) the present you bought for him. 14. At 8.30 this evening we (study). 15. By the end of this year I (work) here for 10 years.

Задание 10.3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках  в Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. The old man doesn’t go out in winter. He (go) out when the weather (got) warmer. 2. She is flying to Rome tomorrow. She (send) her family a telegram as soon as (arrive). 3. You (be) late if you (not/take) a taxi. 4. Wait until I (come) back. 5. If he (not/run)he (not/catch) the train. 6. If you (think) it over you (see) that I’m right. 

 

 

 

11. Страдательный  залог (Passive Voice)

В английском языке глагол имеет два залога: the Active Voice (действительный залог) и the Passive Voice (страдательный залог), который употребляется в тех случаях, когда объект действия более важен для говорящего, чем исполнитель (субъект) этого действия, причём, последний может даже не упоминаться.

Somebody built this house in 1825. (active)

This house was built in 1825. (passive)

Everybody listened the speakers very attentively. (active)

The speakers  were listened to very attentively. (passive)

Страдательный залог (the Passive Voice) образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола be в нужном времени и третьей формы смыслового глагола.

be + V  III ф.

При изменении  видовременной формы изменяется только вспомогательный глагол be! Форма смыслового глагола во всех временах страдательного залога остаётся неизменной.

Задание 11.1. Определите видовременную форму сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык.

Many houses are The house is being The house has been  The house was The house was being The house had been The house will be The house will have been

: built every year : built now : built (for) 3 years : built last year : built when I came here : built when we arrived in this city : built in a year : built by the end of the month

Задание 11.2. Соотнесите английские и русские формы.

1) is read 2) is being read 3) has been read 4) was read 5) will be read 6) will have been read 7) had been read

a) будут читать b) прочитают (к какому-то времени) c) читают (вообще) d) читают (сейчас) e) прочитали (уже) f) прочитали (вчера, в прошлом году) g) прочитали (до того, как что-то произошло; к какому-то определённому времени)

Задание 11.3. Форму действительного залога преобразуйте в соответствующую форму страдательного залога:

is asking, have translated, has been doing, translated, read, will send, was planting, write.

Задание 11.4. Раскройте скобки, выбрав сказуемое либо в действительном, либо в страдательном залоге.

1. The police (have arrested, have been arrested) three men. 2. Three men (have arrested, have been arrested) by the police. 3. They (are building, are being built) a new ring-road round the city. 4. A new ring-road round the city (is building, is being built). 5. They (will change, will be changed), the date of the meeting.  6. The date of the meeting (will change, will be changed).

Задание 11.5. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя страдательный залог (исполнителя  действия можно не указывать, если в этом нет необходимости).

1. They will build a stadium here in future. 2. The fire has done a lot of damage. 3. A friend of mine has invited me to a birthday party. 4. Nobody asked me to call back. 5. They were looking for the lost key everywhere. 6. They will have built the bridge by July 20.

Задание 11.6. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Dinner is being cooked. Wait a little. 2. I’m afraid we’re being waited for. 3. Don’t you see that you’re being laughed at? 4. The film is still being shown. 5. Don’t talk so loudly. We’re being listened to. 6. Everything has been settled. 7. He’s been offered a good job. 8. Don’t bother. The texts have been translated. 9. Nothing has been done. 10. The letters have been translated for an hour. 11. The problem has been discussed since he left. 12. The letter had been delivered by 7 o’clock. 13. The articles hadn’t been looked through by that time. 14. I was told that the doctor had been sent for. 15. The things have been packed. 16. The house will have been built by the end of the year. 17. The plan was been discussed when he came. 18. The mail hadn’t been looked through by that time. 19. I told you that the film was still being shown. 20. The children were allowed to stay up as long as the adults.

Задание 11.7. Раскройте скобки, употребив  глагол в соответствующей видовременной  форме и залоге.

1. That church (look) very old. When (it/build)? 2. Where’s my bicycle? He has gone! It (steal). 3. A tree (lie) across the road. It (blow) down.  4. Your car might (steal) if you (leave) the key in it. 5. The new hotel (open) next year. 6. Everything (arrange) in good time. 7. We (ask) him to take part in our conference. 8. The problem (solve) in future. 9. Nothing has been done. 10. They (already/send) for the doctor. 11. The plans (change). 12. Your proposals (still/discuss). 13. This church (make) of wood. 14. You (want) on the phone. 

12. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)

Если в главном предложении  сложноподчиненного предложения глагол-сказуемое  стоит в форме прошедшего времени, то в придаточном дополнительном предложении употребляется одна из прошедших форм.

Если действие в придаточном предложении происходит одновременно с действием в главном, оно выражается формой  Past Continuous (процесс) или Past Simple (факт).

We knew (that) he spoke good English. – Мы знали, что он хорошо говорит по-английски.

He said (that) he was watching TV. – Он сказал, что смотрит телевизор.

Если действие в придаточном  предшествует действию главного предложения, оно выражается формой Past Perfect.

We didn’t know (that) he had left. – Мы не знали, что он уехал.

Если действие в придаточном  будет происходить после действия в главном, оно выражается формой Future-in-the-Past (будущее в прошедшем).

We hoped he would pass his examination. – Мы надеялись, что он сдаст экзамен.

Если глагол главного предложения  стоит в настоящем времени, то в придаточном глагол может стоять в любой временной форме.

I am not sure that everybody liked our suggestion. – Я не уверен, что всем понравится наше предложение.

I think the time is convenient for you. –  Я думаю, что это время удобно для вас. 

 

 

 

Задание 12.1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен.

1. I thought you spoke Russian. 2. The speaker said it was a historic discovery. 3. I was sure you knew everything. 4. We didn’t know they were still having talks. 5. I thought they hadn’t received our letter yet. 6. The director hoped that the film would be a success. 7. She thought we were waiting for her. 8. He said he would phone us as soon as he got to London.

Задание 12.2. Поставьте  сказуемое главного предложения  в прошедшее время. Сделайте соответствующие изменения в придаточном предложении.

Model A
I think I know it. I thought I knew it.	1. They say the hotel is a mile from the shore. 2. They write they are going to the south coast of Spain for their holidays. 3. He knows we have similar views on the problem.
Model B
She says she heard it on  the radio. She said she had heard it on  the radio.	1. I think he recognized me. 2. She says she didn’t see it. 3. He knows she didn’t say that.
Model C
I hope you have settled it. I hoped you had settled it.	1. She thinks she has lost the key. 2. She says she has never thought of that.
Model D
I’m sure everything will be all right. I was sure everything would be all right.	1. He says we’ll have a short rest when we get to the river. 2. Everybody understands the new project will be very expensive.

 

13. Косвенная речь (Indirect Speech) Утверждения

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
She says, “I am happy”.	She says (that) she is happy.
She said, “I am happy”.	She said (that) she was happy.
“I don’t know anything about it”, he said to me.	He told me (that) he didn’t know anything about it.
Jack said, “My uncle has just bought a new car”.	Jack said (that) his uncle had just bought a new car.
I said to the nurse, ”You haven’t given me my medicine”.	I told to the nurse that she hadn’t give me my medicine.

Задание 13.1. Передайте  высказывания в косвенной речи.

1. She says,” I’ll join you in a minute”. 2. He said, “I am absolutely sure”. 3. He said to us, “The project will be financed by several companies”. 4. The manager said to the interviewers, “The construction has been completed in record time”. 5. The air hostess says, ”The plane is landing”. 

 

Приказания, команды, просьбы

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
The mother said to her children, “Don’t play with fire”.	The mother told her children not to play with fire.
I said to Peter, “Open the window, please”.	I asked Peter to open the window.
The teacher said to his students, “Don’t forget your home work”.	The teacher asked (or told) his students not to forget their homework.

Задание 13.2. Переведите высказывания в косвенную речь.

1. I said to Jack, “Please, give me your dictionary”. 2. The doctor said to the sick man, “Don’t go back to work for a fortnight”. 3. The old man said to the little girl, “Don’t make so much noise”. 4. She said to the children, “Don’t make so much noise”. 5. “Please switch it on”, he said to me. 

 

Предложения, советы, разрешения, предупреждения могут в кос-венной речи вводиться такими глаголами как advise – соответствовать, recommend – рекомендовать, remind – напоминать, suggest, propose – предлагать.

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
“You should take a holiday and have a good rest”, the doctor said to him.	The doctor advised him to take a holiday and have a good rest.
“Don’t forget to call Mr. Harris”, he said to his secretary.	He reminded his secretary to call Mr. Harris.
“Let me give you a lift”, he said to her.	He offered her a lift.

Специальные вопросы

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
Jack asked, “Who has taken my pen?”	Jack asked who had taken his pen
I asked the farmer, “What is growing in that field?”	I asked the farmer what was growing in that field.
Mary’s mother asked her, “Whom did you see in the hospital?”	Mary’s mother asked her whom she had seen in the hospital.
I asked my sick friend, “What did the doctor say?”	I asked my sick friend what the doctor had said.
Tom asked Bob, “Where does your uncle live?”	Tom asked Bob where his uncle lived.
He asked us, “Which of you can explain it?”	He asked us which of you could explain it?”
“How soon shall I call back?” he asked.	He asked how soon he should call back.

Задание 13.3. Передайте  высказывания в косвенной речи.

1. “How much time is left?” he asked. 2. She asked, “How far is the bus stop?” 3. I saw a cloud of smoke and asked, «What is burning?” 4. The policeman asked me, “Where did you lose your wallet?” 5. The teacher came into the classroom and asked the boys, “What are you doing?” 6. I asked Bob, “Why didn’t you answer my letter?” 7. Jack’s father asked him, “Whom are you writing a letter to?” 

 

Общие и альтернативные вопросы

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
The manager asked, “Does the time suit everybody?”	The manager asked if (whether) the time suited everybody.
“So do you agree with me?”	He asked whether (if) we agree with him.
I asked my brother, “Did you throw away the newspaper or keep it?”	I asked my brother whether he had thrown the newspaper or kept it.

Задание 13.4. Передайте  высказывания в косвенной речи.

1. I asked the old gentleman, “Are you feeling tired?” 2. The hotel manager asked the visitors, “Did you sleep well?” 3. The teacher asked me, “Do you understand the question or not?” 4. The teacher asked him, “Do you spell “swimming” with “m” or a double “m”?” 

 

Общие и альтернативные вопросы  обычно вводятся следующими глаголами  и оборотами:

I wonder … Интересно …

I should like to know … Хотелось бы знать …

Could you tell me … Скажите…

Would you mind telling me … Будьте любезны сказать мне …

Изменение времён глагола в косвенной речи

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
Present Simple Write	Past Simple wrote
Present Continuous am/is/are writing	Past Continuous was/were writing
Present Perfect has/have written	Past Perfect had written
Present Perfect Continuous has/have been writing	Past Perfect Continuous had been writing
Past Simple Wrote	Past Perfect had written
Past Continuous was/were writing	Past Continuous was/were writing          или: Past Perfect Continuous had been writing
Past Perfect had written	Past Perfect had written
Past Perfect Continuous had been writing	Past Perfect Continuous had been writing
Future Simple will write	Future-in the-Past would write
Future Continuous will be writing	Future Continuous-in the-Past would be writing
Future Perfect will have written	Future Perfect-in the-Past would have written
Future Perfect Continuous will have been writing	Future Perfect Continuous-in the-Past would have been writing

 

 

Изменение модальных  глаголов при переводе их в косвенную  речь

can may

– –

could might

must should

– –

must should