Генг

     The world culture is rich with unsurpassed masterpieces of stained-glass window which progress totals not one century. During different epochs the attitude to stained-glass window art was inadequate: the periods of interest gave way to its almost full oblivion. Non-uniformity of a demand of a stained-glass window, fundamental differences in form and art receptions are characteristic for creative practice.

   Today transparent images surround us everywhere: posters with illumination are located in city streets. Modern technologies of transfer of images have allowed including in city space artificial created video reality including light, color, a sound. The end of XX century has created new forms of headers. But the "classical" technique of a glass stained-glass window has not been forgotten and today again experiences rise.

As it has already been told, stained-glass window is ancient art, but classical technologies of its manufacturing, despite of centuries-old history of the existence, have not almost changed. Epoch replacing each other cardinally changed nothing; they only dictated plots, colors and shades, defined seat which could be decorated by a similar ornament.

       Studying of history of this art (as well as its modern practice) testifies as well that a stained-glass window as the art phenomenon possesses complex dynamics and is capable to cardinal change of "image". Therefore revealing and ordering of the basic characteristics of stained-glass window art are interfaced to a lot of difficulties, in particular, already that the definition of its specific accessory (in comparison with other plastic arts) is deprived habitual clearness.

  On the basis of the lead analysis it is possible to approve, that a stained-glass window, first, it is an independent type of decorative art, secondly, it possesses unique function of light and uses a specific material which does not strike root in other types of a monumental and decoration art; the stained-glass window possesses a functional variety in surrounding space of an interior and rich possibilities of use of art receptions.

     Art of a stained-glass window is called up to realize today concepts of an author's interior and to become a uniting element of all design details, to express the general figurativeness of ensemble. From here – variety of functions and art decisions in stained-glass window art. Here progress of new tendencies in author's art of a stained-glass window. Here an inexhaustible choice of styling receptions, use of previous art achievements and a birth of modern innovations.

  Stained-glass window art undergoes a big jump at the end of XX century and the beginnings of XXI century. Occurrences of new cultural and theological circumstances have caused blossoming architecture. A basic change of traditional shape of cities and interier spaces has allowed becoming of stained-glass window to glass a protruding graphic means.

  The idea stained-glass window art since 90th years received all more a wide circulation in republic. Unprecedented town-planning on scope, increase of well-being of people, the increased spiritual needs, complex work on ideological and moral education of workers were powerful spurs in rise of stained – glass window art and decorative art of republic, in a birth of its such types and forms which have been caused by demands of the given historical instant.

On the foreground problems of activity of art means of works are put forward, enriched technique of stained-glass window art which are connected with formation of original aesthetic accents in an environment.

   From the present time stained-glass window art finds the classical form - the color glasses fastened among themselves by means of a metal structure. It was assisted with occurrence of a way of manufacturing of thin sheet glass, use of a lead structure, as well as division of experts into manufacturers of glass and masters of stained-glass window. The demand of a stained-glass window in the modern art and design is caused, first of all, by its function into which initially enters not only pragmatically illumination of space of an interior or the ex-terrier, but also the organization of special light of environment which set by certain cultural installations. It’s this basic function renders leading influence on formation of historically-specific "image" of a stained-glass window: the formal organization initially submits here to an embodiment of deep concepts about beauty.

The modern art culture of Kazakhstan shows aesthetic possibilities and an art originality of a stained-glass window, its difference, for example, from glass painting or making a glass. Evidence became also that, for example, the mosaic and a fresco "have not got accustomed" in modern conditions and have substantially lost the urgency while stained-glass window art has shown capacity to the further actualization in culture, having passed a way from the statement of " the big idea » soviet-era before realization of the individual author's project.

     At ocean of modern design practice the stained-glass window defends the right to the uniqueness and common significance. It shows author's art of Kazakhstan which today starts to master space of an exhibition interior, opening that new sides of the art potential.

For our research by meaningful event there was in essence of first independent exhibition of stained-glass window art of the young artists, taken place in the Fund of the First President in Almaty. That numerous personal meetings with the Kazakhstan artists, conversations and discussions, visiting of workshops and supervision over technological process of creation of stained-glass windows have allowed seeing little-known sides of this art and as whole tendencies of art practice of Kazakhstan on a boundary of current centuries was important also. Thus, the broad audience of sources involved by the author from direct art practice became in this case the main condition for creation of the research base, capable to confirm the positions stated in work and conclusions.

For the first time the stained-glass window has been investigated as the independent art phenomenon; the chronology of its evolution has been defined;

-  For the first time subject matter of special studying became a creative practice modern of stained-glass window art in Kazakhstan;

-  For the first time it has entered into the scientific turn investigated and the processed illustrations on history of a stained-glass window of Kazakhstan.

The exposition entitled as “Modern tendencies in art stained-glass windows and a mosaic 2011 » has passed under home nursing of the Fund of the First President and due to organization the Kazakh National academy of arts named after T. Zhurgenov.

  The exhibition was devoted to the 20 anniversary of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It has been passed at support of Fund of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan,  Fund of progress of youth policy and with participation of creative companies "House", “Alkion”, “Glass imagination”, “Ethnomura”, “Art Glass”, “Stounhead”, “Sat Glass” and the Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi.

The exhibition has allowed adjusting and strengthening communications with many firms, having opened that to the world the richest, a cultural heritage of people of the East. It was pleasant to learn that together with group of our young talented students, such as Aubakirova, Kim, Omerbayev, Abdykarimov, Zhumagulov, Beknazarov, Zhakanov, Ibrashov, teachers of KazNAI participated.

As a result, the most part of the presented stained-glass windows have positive character even if in them nostalgic notes sound sometimes. The expected future in modern stained-glass windows looks not simply as the beginning of the new world, more likely basic arrival of New Life. Human thoughts are noble, acts are fine and the life is full of high senses.

In summary it is necessary to tell, that stained-glass window art as well as other works of art, does not exist in itself. An original glass composition should composed with other elements of an interior harmoniously.

It does not raise the doubts, that progress of researches will stimulate the further perfection of all elements (components) in this area of stained-glass window art: structures of glasses with the set properties, their manufacturing techniques, experimental and theoretical methods of manufacture.

As shows an expert, stained-glass window art due to the unique features, carries out at the same time both art and decorative problems and does not lose actuality during centuries. And especially becomes popular today as allows to approach samples of «high art » to an everyday life of the person and it  decorates its workdays.