The publicistic style of language became discernible as a sepa¬rate style in the middle of the 18th century. It also falls into three va¬rieties, each having its own distinctive features. Unlike other styles, the publicistic style has a spoken variety, namely, the oratorical substyle. The development of radio and television has brought into being another new spoken variety, namely, the radio and TV соmmеntary. The other two substyles are the essay (moral, philosophical, lit¬erary) and journalistic articles (political, social, economic) in newspapers, journals and magazines. The general aim of publicistic style, which makes it stand out as a separate style, is to exert a constant and deep influence on public opin¬ion, to convince the reader or the listener that the interpretation given by the writer or the speaker is the only correct one and to cause him to accept the point of view expressed in the speech, essay or article not merely through logical argumentation but through emotional appeal as well.

The oratorical style of language is the oral subdivision of the publicistic style. Direct contact with the listeners permits a combination of the syn¬tactical, lexical and phonetic peculiarities of both the written and spoken varieties of language. In its leading features, however, oratorical style belongs to the written variety of language, though it is modified by the oral form of the utterance and the use of gestures. This style is evident in speeches on political and social problems of the day. The stylistic devices employed in oratorical style are determined by the conditions of communication. If the desire of the speaker is to rouse the audience and to keep it in suspense, he will use various traditional stylistic devices. Repetition can be regarded as the most typical stylistic device of English oratorical style. The desire of the speaker to convince and to rouse his audience re¬sults in the use of simile and metaphor, but these are generally traditio¬nal ones, as fresh and genuine stylistic devices may divert the attention of the listeners away from the main point of the speech.

The publicistic style of language falls into three varieties, each having its own distinctive features. Unlike other styles, the publicistic style has a spoken variety, namely, the oratorical substyle. The development of radio and television has brought into being another new spoken variety, namely, the radio and TV commentary. The other two subsfyles are the essay and journalistic articles (political, social, economic) in newspapers, journals and magazines. The general aim of publicistic style is to exert a constant and deep influence on public opinion, to convince the reader or the listener that the interpretation given by the writer or the speaker is the only correct one.

The oratorical style of language is the oral subdivision of the publicistic style. Direct contact with the listeners permits a combination of the syntactical, lexical and phonetic peculiarities of both the written and spoken varieties of language. In its leading features, oratorical style belongs to the written variety of language, though it is modified by the oral form of the utterance and the use of gestures. This style is evident in speeches on political and social problems of the day. The stylistic devices employed in oratorical style are determined by the conditions of communication. Repetition can be regarded as the most typical stylistic device of English oratorical style.

The essay is a literary composition of moderate length on philosophical, social, aesthetic or literary subjects. Personality in the treatment of theme and naturalness of expression are two of the most obvious characteristics of the essay.

The most characteristic language features of the essay are:

1. The use of the first person singular. 2. The use of connectives, which facilitate the process of grasping the correlation of ideas.

3. The use of emotive words. 4. The use of similes and metaphors.

Articles

The character of the magazine as well as the subject chosen affects the choice and use of stylistic devices. Words of emotive meaning, for example, are few, if any, in popular scientific articles. Their exposition is more consistent and the system of connectives more expanded than, say, in a satirical style.

The language of political magazines articles differs little from that of newspaper articles. But such elements of the publicistic style as rare and bookish words, neologisms (which sometimes require explanation in the text), traditional words combinations and parenthesis are more frequent here than in newspaper articles.