Develop mechanisms to ensure the quality of the university

Integration Kazakhstani universities in the Bologna process, which is characteristic approach to quality from the perspective of the objectives , requires higher educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan clearly articulated mission , corporate vision of the university , the availability strategy and system strategic goals and objectives , without which management becomes an end in itself and game simulation. Quality management system should be flexible , allowing to evaluate the quality of the activities of not only the whole of the university, but also faculties , specialties , individual educational programs. This " modularity " allows certification or accreditation of individual structural units of the university, as a whole if it is not yet ready for such an assessment , and use the experience gained improvement of quality management systems in its other divisions.

 

2.3 State control and promotion of quality of higher education of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Activities of higher education institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan in accordance with the Law "On Education" on June 7, 1999 № 389-1, which for the first time in Kazakhstan declares education a priority in public policy .

All the basic control functions and management functions higher education , including policy-making, the definition and development of conceptual frameworks legal regulation of relations in the sphere of education, the implementation of mechanisms to assess the quality of training , etc. , are the prerogative of the central education authorities. The Act contains a number of new conceptual moments aimed at democratization of the education system , including : the democratic nature of management education and the empowerment of educational institutions ; principle of stimulating education and development of giftedness ; implementation of the principle triyazychiya ; non-state sector is legitimized as part of a unified system of education; delimited competence of all structures; introduced a three-tier education system and a number of other

All these issues have been a logical development in the new draft law on education , the main feature of which is the democratization of the system of state regulation and control. In the three-component model system to regulate the quality of the higher school RK licensing and state certification are departmental in nature . Concept of accreditation procedures characterizes the relative decentralization of monitoring and evaluation. A vision for reforming the accreditation procedure applies to its content : the transition from a system of quantitative indicators , including , to the assessment on the basis of the mission and principles of strategic management.

Despite the processes of decentralization of management higher education , regulation of the higher education system in the country is still pronounced centralized and covers a wide range of issues . Among them : the order of the educational process and the formation of a contingent of students , determining the range and content of the training in the field and educational programs , regulation of access to institutions of higher education resources , including the distribution of the universities of the state order for training , quality control and evaluation of educational activities of institutions education and many others.

Analysis of the processes of reforming the education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the changes occurring in it shows that the main positive acquisition of sovereign Kazakhstan is embodied in the life of the policy of " human development " and to preserve social cohesion Kazakh society.

Among the main positive trends in the development of higher education in Kazakhstan at the present stage of its reform :

- Modernization of the national education system based on harmonization of national traditions and global trends in the field of education;

- Shift from the "education for life" model "education throughout life ." Content of higher education of Kazakhstan has the unity of its elements and requirements , continuous structure with continuity of education at all levels of education and equality of access to them , which creates conditions for learning opportunities throughout their lives ;

- In the education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan , on an equal footing , was developed non-state sector of educational services;

- Diversified sources of financing education . RK citizens access to higher education , mainly through a system of free education , which is implemented on an equal footing universities all forms of property and focused on meeting the needs and social needs of the individual;

- State order for training is the main instrument for regulating compliance with existing offers educational services in the economy of the republic demand for specialists and mechanism for implementing the principle of free education for socially disadvantaged groups and people with low incomes. Provided through the state order to select the most talented youth , the conditions for improving access to education for rural school graduates ;

- Significantly expanding autonomy of educational institutions.

However , reform of higher education caused a number of problems that have not lost their relevance in the present time. The most significant of these are: the imperfection of the legal framework regulating the dynamic changes in the system of higher education of Kazakhstan, species imbalance , sectoral and territorial structure of demand and supply of personnel with higher education and decline in the whole country , the quality level of training highly qualified .

Last objectively associated with loyalty measures of state regulation of private universities, lack of funds, funding the development of material and technical base of public institutions of education, orientation education for certification and , as a consequence, undeveloped forms of social partnership at all levels of education quality management .

These and other problems are conceptually - software , legal, organizational and methodological , administrative , financial, economic and determine now , the main directions of state regulation of higher education and to ensure its quality ( Annex B).

An important direction of state control and regulation of higher professional education system of Kazakhstan is structuring elements and standardization of educational content. Adopted in 1999 by the Law "On Education" introduced the separation of institutions of higher education into universities, academies and institutes , highlighted the various stages of higher education : higher basic (BA ) , higher vocational ( specialist), the scientific-pedagogical higher education ( Masters).

The trend of the national system of higher education on a three-tier model of training and ordering available in this direction more than five years experience of domestic universities in the new draft law on education is reflected in the revision levels VPO : continuing education in the basic form of the implementation of higher education is a Bachelor of RK . Preparing for Masters and Doctoral programs are forms of postgraduate education.

Thus, in the law identified structure of higher education of Kazakhstan and directions of their activity , that allows to unify , streamline and unifies all the existing in the country higher education institutions and on the structure and content of activities .

Standardization of education is aimed at ensuring the quality of the content of the educational activities of universities of Kazakhstan and includes determination of the composition , structure and content of educational programs. The main mechanisms of their regulation in the national education system are: classifier specialties , state educational standards , model curriculum specialty and standard curricula for specialty disciplines .

Improving Classifier is a positive trend that characterizes orientation of higher education of the republic to the world educational standards and bring higher professional education of Kazakhstan to the International Standard Classification of Education recommended the UNESCO meeting of its 29th Session in 1997.

According to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Education" training specialists with higher education in accordance with state standards of education ( SES ) . " The activity of any educational institutions must comply with these standards."

Match curricula of higher education institutions to national educational standards increases the mobility of students during their transfer from university to university .

Amendments and additions to the Qualifier specialties accompanied by a revision of SES . For example, in the field of economic direction is currently training is carried out in accordance with the JI "Higher base . Undergraduate "approved by the MES 26 August of 2003 , № 577 ; SES "Higher Education . Undergraduate , "approved on August 7, 2004 , № 671 and JI " Higher Education . Undergraduate ", entered into force 01.09.2006 .

Modern trend of structuring measures and standardization state of universities of Kazakhstan is the focus of the education system to international standards of quality and integration into the world educational space. In the Republic of the transition to multi-level training of highly qualified specialists - Bachelor - Master - PhD Ph.D, and since 2003 there has been a gradual transition universities to credit technology , based on the model of training as defined by the Bologna Declaration . The first for new technology training , as an experiment , the order of MES RK translated specialty training in economics .

State standards and model curriculum for majors in 2004 , for which the training is conducted on credit technology , the degree of freedom of universities to determine the composition and content of educational programs significantly expanded : 55.5% - up discipline mandatory component and 44.5 % - discipline component choice. This allows universities to more fully take into account specific requirements of different categories of employers , as well as national and international trends in the field of training of their professional activities .

In the development of new education standards involves scientists universities of Kazakhstan, representatives of civil society , academia , government agencies , employers and international organizations in the field of education, that is the first time in the country standards of education tailored to the interests and opinions of consumers of educational services and interested in them . New state educational standards are based on the competency model specialty (unlike traditionally existed in Kazakhstan education system as a way to model znanietsentrizma obtain and maintain professional opportunities or confirmation ) . Changing demands not only on content but also forms of education . A large role in the training given to students' independent work . The level of education graduates in the following disciplines is reflected in the requirements for their general education ; socio- personal , economic , professional and special competence ; readiness of graduates to geographical mobility and changing social, economic and professional roles in terms of increasing the dynamism of change and uncertainty .

As part of the national education system for all higher education institutions free access to resources, forming their contingent ( students) , which is regulated by the Law "On Education" and the Model Rules of admission to higher education . Mechanism of regulation include the following elements: obligatory passage UNT ( unified national testing ) to obtain the appropriate certificate , the minimum passing score - 40 corresponding to the fourth subject UNT profile subject specialty. In order to improve recruitment in 2006 Admission to higher education made ​​a number of changes : minimum passing score - 60; mandatory compliance in the field of the fourth subject UNT ; introduction of a passing score on the profile subject specialty ( at least 7 ) .

Since 2004 , the first time , the Ministry of Education centrally defined profession, for which the educational institution has the right to conduct training on the state order . Conditions for the implementation of the state order in the new draft law on education RK supplemented by another requirement - the passage universities accreditation procedures .

Providing high quality training is directly related to the principles of the formation of the student population .

In 1999 , in order to streamline the organization and set incentives for admission to universities under the state order the most gifted young people by Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan № 464 of 24 April 1999 introduced a new model of the student body of state universities . Entrance examinations are carried out in public universities on a single technology specialist centers for complex testing . Admission of students under the state order is based on state educational grants and loans. Applicant first gets the right to choose not only the specialty , but the particular institution in which training in their chosen field , including not leaving this outside their region.

In 2004, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan № 317 of 13 March 2004 introduced a single national testing ( UNT ) , ensuring alignment final state certification of graduates of secondary education and Admissions Officers in secondary vocational and higher education.

Introduced new rules for government educational grants and loans , according to which priority is to get them the entrant who receives the highest score during testing , regardless of the sequence of instructions specialties in a statement to the competition . This leads to a passing score on the function of the state order and, consequently, improve the quality of the set.

Thus, the unified national testing and the principles on which it is based , are the mechanism to ensure equity in access to higher education, improve the objectivity and reliability of the assessment of its quality. Through transparency and openness UNT results generated mechanisms of social control the quality of education . Using common materials measurement ( simultaneous use of certification and competitive test items ) provided the state control over the management of the quality of education .

Statistics show that the system of grants and loans set the level of accessibility of higher education in dependence on the current socio-economic situation in the country. In the period from 1997 to 2001, the volume of budget financing of higher education in the country's GDP is reduced from 4.7% (65.6 billion) to 3.3% (105 billion) [160] and for the past 4 years of its growth does not exceed 0.2 % (3.5 %).

An important feature of the development and reform of higher education funding RK towards democratization and its approximation to the same procedures of financing higher education abroad are now two important points: the transition in 2005 from a system of state educational grants and loans to state procurement system based on state educational grants and extensive development of commercial lending education through second-tier banks .

Conceptual definition of the task role of the state in the development and functioning of higher education remains one of the urgent tasks of RK.

One of the modern trends of higher education quality assurance RK becomes stimulating development in this area forms of social partnership . Preparation of competitive specialists impossible without strong links with universities production, which significantly expanded the transition of higher education institutions to credit technology and the new state education standards . Engaging employers to determine the composition of elective courses is a fundamentally new form of their participation and cooperation in the management of educational programs of universities . Organizational form of employer participation in quality management activities of university education in the Concept of Development of Kazakhstan till 2015 provides for the establishment of boards of trustees of the university. MES actively attracts employers and representatives of the public to state education standards . Together with the Employers' Confederation of the meeting held on training with higher education and social partnership in this area. VI at the meeting of the Assembly of employers and entrepreneurs December 1, 2003 as one of the problems underlined the need to consolidate the efforts of all stakeholders in the process of training and the importance of the tripartite dialogue in finding the best ways of investing training.

One of the measures of state regulation of training scientific- pedagogical personnel of Kazakhstan is the transition from 2007 to the three-tier system of their training. Simultaneously abolished the existing traditional system of obtaining the academic title of candidate and doctoral degrees. Transition to international standards (procedures ) training of the teaching staff extends their training not only in Kazakhstan , but also abroad .

With the transition to a three-tier system of training is abolished this form of postgraduate training of the teaching staff as an institution soiskatelstvo that limited forms of state order problem of financing their training.

The main control mechanisms assess the quality of educational activities within the education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan are : licensing , certification , accreditation , ranking universities, the unified national testing , the intermediate state control of knowledge and final state certification of students .

In the " National System of Education Quality Assessment " State Program of Education Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005-2010 Evaluate quality procedures through certification, accreditation and monitoring the scope of national education quality assessment system ( NSEQA ) [6 , 162] . Its functioning is maintained appropriate infrastructure , which included : National Accreditation Center (NAC ) , National Center for Education Quality Assessment ( NCEQA ), the National Center for State Education Standards and Testing ( NCSSET ) Certification , Quality Management and Consulting ( TSSMKK ) .

Licensing - the procedure of state estimation in the presence of the university providing the minimum necessary conditions for getting them right to implement activities for various educational programs. Includes 11 points requirements under which the institution has the right to obtain a license for its educational activities.

State certification institution follows the licensing procedure is carried out at intervals of five years and includes tested and evaluated in accordance with national standards of educational content , educational activities and students' knowledge. Among the most significant indicators of the university evaluation supervised by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan : staffing full-time faculty ( not less than 60 %) , ostepenennyh PPP (not less than 40% of the specialty ) and several others.

The first experience of the 2001 state school accreditation RK testifies to its formal nature and duplication mechanism for certification as a procedure to conduct and content. For this reason, its action has been temporarily suspended.

Along with the state , evaluating the quality of higher education activities in the country already have the first experience of independent public accreditation , which is based on the quality criteria of the European Quality Improvement System Education (EQUIS).

Intermediate state control of students' knowledge in the Republic of Kazakhstan introduced since 2004. NGL holding purports to prevent the release universities poorly trained professionals. The threshold level of PGA in 2004 MES set at 38 points , in 2005 - 40 points , that is, first below, and then at the level of a passing score ( threshold) enrollment in college. Thus, as a quality standard intermediate knowledge, which should be oriented higher education institutions offered their minimum allowable level, which initially makes little sense for the purpose of this procedure. This is evidenced by the results of ISC , which average in the country , according to a separate specialty groups on the order above the level set by the MES . On the other hand , the results of ISC society perceived as a kind of indicator of the quality of universities , forcing universities to treat this issue more seriously.

The system of state regulation, control and evaluate the quality of higher education is improving rapidly , both in terms of the elements of its infrastructure and in terms of composition and content of its mechanisms , tools and procedures .

In the context of the objectives of the State Program of Education Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2010, the main directions of quality assurance are defined :

- The introduction of procedures for internal and external evaluation of the quality of education . Along with licensing, certification and accreditation system of external evaluation and ranking procedure provides direct monitoring studies ;

- Improving the means and standardized assessment tools to determine the level of educational achievements of students;

- Development of infrastructure of the national education quality assessment system , the creation of institutional structures that monitor the state of the education system , universities and accredited educational programs , external evaluation of educational achievements of students, organizational and methodological support for an independent evaluation of professional training , validation and qualification , etc.

The process of integration of Kazakhstan into the world educational space has led to a tendency to revise and improve the mechanism of state accreditation procedures . In 2006, recommendations for the state accreditation of universities of Kazakhstan made ​​the first steps in its adaptation to international accreditation procedure : composition factors significantly modified and comprises 13 groups of indicators not only quantitative but also qualitative assessment parameters university activities. In contrast to the procedure of state accreditation in 2001 as regards its content is designed to solve two-fold task : to become an instrument of recognition and quality evaluation of university activity and the mechanism of its continuous improvement and improve .

In this regard , the formation of an effective national regulatory model of quality of universities RK involves a number of issues , including : defining the role of the licensing procedure , state certification and accreditation system of state regulation of quality of the schools , on the one hand, and the avoidance of duplication of their functions , objectives and the content of the other; nature and status of accreditation procedures schools RK , defining the role of the state in its implementation; principles of construction and maintenance of accreditation procedures .

Approaches to solving these problems will be determined by the logical integrity and consistency of the elements of the national system of evaluation and quality control , and accordingly - ensuring efficiency and quality control of educational activities of universities of Kazakhstan.

 

3 . Develop mechanisms to ensure the quality of the university

3.1 Socio- economic assessment of the attractiveness of the university

In considering the problems of socio- economic assessment of the attractiveness of the university in the study took into account the following provisions: