Отчет по практике в Министерстве иностранных дел Республики Беларусь

Министерство  образования Республики Беларусь

Минский государственный  лингвистический университет

 

Факультет межкультурных  коммуникаций

 

Кафедра современных  технологий перевода

 

 

 

 

 

 

ОТЧЕТ

 

о производственной (переводческой) практике

 

по специальности  «Лингвистическое обеспечение

                                 межкультурных коммуникаций» 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                         студентки 4 курса

                                                                                         дневной формы обучения

 Сискович  М. П.

                                                                                        

 

                                                                                         Руководитель практики

                                                                                         доцент

                                                                                         Голикова Т. И.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Минск 2012

 

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ 

 

 

Отчет о прохождении производственной (переводческой) практики

Данная производственная (переводческая) практика была пройдена мною в Министерстве иностранных  дел Республики Беларусь. По прибытии на место практики 5 января 2011 года я была направлена в Службу государственного протокола, которая занимается аккредитацией иностранных послов в Республике Беларусь, осуществляет подготовку для проведения визитов на высшем и высочайшем уровне, а также организует работу с дипкорпусом. В качестве руководителя производственной практики была назначена Мороз Евгения Игоревна, 3 секретарь Службы государственного протокола. Она поставила передо мной следующие задачи:

• изучить основные направления деятельности Министерства иностранных дел, а также его основные структурные подразделения;
• более подробно ознакомиться с работой непосредственно Службы государственного протокола, ее основными функциями;
• ознакомиться с организацией делопроизводства, освоить основные навыки его ведения;
• приобрести практический опыт перевода текстов и деловой документации, применяя полученные за время учебы знания.

Для перевода с русского на английский язык  и с английского  на русский язык мне были предоставлены  следующие материалы:

• брошюра «Уровень жизни населения в зеркале статистики. 100 вопросов и ответов», в которой представлены данные, характеризующие демографическую ситуацию в республике, занятость населения, основные показатели уровня жизни за 2009-2010 год;
• брошюра «Religions and denominations in the Republic of Belarus», где описывается конфессиональная структура белорусского общества, деятельность государства в этом направлении;
• «Ключевые отрасли экономики, новые тенденции в развитии и перспективы (экономико-инвестиционный обзор)», где описывается динамика развития промышленности страны, изменение объемов производства и ВВП;
• деловая документация – дипломатические ноты, программы официальных визитов, внутренняя корреспонденция.

Помимо официально-деловых  документов, в которых преобладают  клише и специфические термины, мне пришлось переводить материалы, представляющие собой набор широкопрофильных сведений о нашей стране, ее населении, экономических показателях и т. д. Здесь я столкнулась со множеством статистических данных, которые нуждались в правильной передаче на английский язык (На 1000 мужчин в республике приходится 1150 женщин - 1000 men in the country account for 1150 women; при положительном миграционном приросте 7,2 тыс. человек - with a positive migration gain of 7.2 thousand people)

В текстах также необходимо было обратить  внимание на перевод имен собственных. В материалах встречались как имена и фамилии людей, так и географические названия (Е. П. г-н Игуен Минь Чиет – H. E. Mr. Nguyen Minh Triet; Костел Божьего Тела в г.Несвиже – Corpus Christi Catholic Church in Nesvizh)

В тексте мне встретилось  множество словосочетаний, при передаче которых на английский язык необходимо было использовать атрибутивные словосочетания - так называемые “stone wall constructions” (labour mobility – текучесть рабочей силы, world public – мировая общественность,  labour protection activities - мероприятия по охране труда)

 Как я уже упоминала  ранее, в переведенных мною  документах присутствовало большое  количество штампов и клише,  дипломатических терминов, многие  из которых были занесены мною в глоссарий. Для их перевода мне потребовалось воспользоваться словарем именно данной тематики ( ultra vires – с превышением полномочий; revocable appointment letter – отзывное письмо о назначении; Сharges d'affaires ad interim of legation - временный поверенный в делах миссии)

Для пополнения своих фоновых  знаний за время практики мной был  составлен список терминов по образовательному направлению                                 (внешнеэкономические связи). Источниками  получения данных терминов послужил интернет-сайт www.stockexchange.com, где приводятся тексты для людей, интересующихся финансовыми операциями на бирже, а также электронный ресурс www.economics.about.com, где объясняется значение различных экономических терминов на английском языке. При передаче данных терминов на русский язык мной использовались:

1. эквиваленты, созданные с помощью  транскрипции (benchmarking- бенчмаркинг; leasing – лизинг);
2. эквиваленты, созданные с помощью дословного перевода (consumer basket – потребительская корзина; purchasing-power parity – паритет покупательной способности; soft currency – мягкая валюта);
3. эквиваленты, в которых присутствует сочетание транскрипции и дословного перевода (high-end brand – высокий бренд);
4. эквиваленты, в которых форма русского термина не связана с формой английского термина (universe –генеральная совокупность).

Данные термины в дальнейшем значительно облегчат мою работу над текстами экономического характера, а также помогут избежать ошибок при их переводе.

За время прохождения  переводческой практики я приобрела  неоценимый опыт в сфере переводческой  деятельности. Она помогла мне  закрепить те теоретические знания, которые я получила за время учебы в университете. Я обогатила словарный запас, расширила свои фоновые знания в области дипломатических отношений, экономики, а также получила практический опыт перевода специализированных текстов. Прохождение практики в стенах Министерства иностранных дел позволило мне получить навыки делового протокола и этикета. Приобретенный мною опыт обязательно пригодится мне в моей дальнейшей профессиональной деятельности.

 

Перевод текста «Уровень жизни населения в зеркале  статистики.

100 вопросов и  ответов»

 

THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION

Q: How can the demographic situation in the country be briefly described at the moment?

The population of the Republic of Belarus on October 1, 2010 was 9.5 million people.

The country occupies the 5th place by the population size among the CIS countries after Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.

As in many European countries, there is a tendency of the population reduction in Belarus. Thus, as compared to the beginning of the year, the population in the Republic has decreased by 14.4 thousand people. Population decline is caused by the excess of the number of deaths over the number of births by 21.6 thousand with a positive migration gain of 7.2 thousand people.

Q: What is the size of urban and rural population?

7.1 million people live in towns and settlements of urban type (75% of the country’s population), 2.4 million people live in rural areas (25%).

Q: What data characterize the sex-age structure of the population?

On October 1, 2010 the male population amounted to 4.4 million, or 47% of the total population of the Republic, the female population - 5.1 million, or 53%. 1,000 men in the country account for 1150 women.

The share of the population aged 0-15 years was 16% of the total number, the population over the working age - 22%, of working age - 62%.

Q: Are there any data on the ethnic composition of our population?

The Republic of Belarus is a multiethnic country. According to the 2009 population census the representatives of nearly 140 nationalities have been permanent residents on its territory. During the census almost 84% of the population identified themselves as indigenous inhabitants – the Belarusians, 8% - as the Russians, 3% -as the Poles, about 2% - as the Ukrainians.

Q: Has the life expectancy increased in Belarus over the last 15 years?

In 2009 life expectancy at birth was 70.5 years, including for men - 64.7 years, for women - 76.4 years. As compared to 1995 life expectancy increased by 1.9 years, with 2005 - by 1.7 years.

Male life expectancy in the country is higher than in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

By the level of female life expectancy among the CIS countries the Republic is inferior only to Armenia.

Data on changes in life expectancy in Belarus over a series of years are shown in the table below:

 

(years)

Year	All population	Male	Female
1995	68,6	62,9	74,3
2000	69,0	63,4	74,7
2005	68,8	62,9	75,1
2009	70,5	64,7	76,4

 

Q: What are the tendencies of birth rate alteration in the country?

The country preserves incipient in 2003 positive tendency of rise in birth rate. 109.3 thousand children were born in 2009, which is by 18.8 thousand (21%) children more than in 2005. The birth rate rose from 9.3 per 1,000 of population in 2005 to 11.5 in 2009.

The rise in birth rate is caused to some extent by the continuing increase in the number of women in their active reproductive age of 20-34 years, who account for the largest number of births.

Total birthrate (average number of births per a woman of reproductive age (15-49 years old) continues to grow and it was 1.442 in 2009 against 1.21 in 2005.

The changes in the structure of births by birth order also say a lot about the improvement in birth intensity. The share of first births accounted for 54% in 2009 (in 2005 - 58%), the share of second and third ones - for 43% (in 2005 - 38%).

Q: What rate of infant mortality does the Republic have?

The country has one of the lowest infant mortality rates (number of deaths of children under 1 year per 1,000 born children) among the CIS countries. In 2009 it amounted to 4.7 against 13.3 in 1995 and 7.1 in 2005.

For reference: In 2009 infant mortality rate in Kazakhstan was 18.2, Moldova - 12.1, Russia – 8.1, Ukraine - 9.4.

There also was a decrease in maternal mortality in 2009 - per 100 000 births there was only one woman who died of complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period (in 1995 - 14, in 2005 - 10).

Q: What data characterize marital relations in the country?

The main indicators that describe the development of the family institution are those of marriage and divorce. 78.8 thousand marriages were registered in the Republic in 2009. As compared to 2005 the number of marriages increased by 5.5 thousand, or by 8%. The marriage rate (the number of marriages per 1,000 people) increased from 7.5 in 2005 to 8.3 in 2009.

There is a tendency of gradual increase in the average age at first marriage, which is typical of many European countries. In 2009 the average age of a bride who first enters into a marriage was 24.2 years, the age of a groom - 26.4 years.

For reference: in 1995 women who married for the first time were 22.1 years old, men - 24.2 years old, and in 2005 - 23.5 and 25.7 yeas old respectively.

35.1 thousand divorces were registered in 2009, which is 4.6 thousand more than in 2005 (3.7 and 3.1 divorces respectively per 1,000 people).

The married couples who have lived in marriage for 5-9 years account for the largest number of divorces (26% of the total number). Rural families are more stable. In 2009 there were 4.3 divorces per 1000 urban residents, and 2 divorces per the same number of people in the rural areas.

Q: How many foreign citizens arrived in the Republic of Belarus for permanent residence?

19.9 thousand people arrived in the Republic of Belarus for permanent residence in 2009 (1.5 times more than in 2005).

The vast number of incomers are the citizens of the CIS countries (15.6 thousand people (78%), of which 86% are the citizens who arrived from Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan.

4.3 thousand people arrived in the Republic from the other countries in 2009. Traditional immigration states are Lithuania, China, Latvia and Poland.

The migration gain of the population of the Republic of Belarus increased 6 times in 2009 as compared to 2005 and made up 12.2 thousand people.

 

 

 

THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION

Q: How many people are currently employed in the economy of the Republic?

The number of people employed in the national economy amounted to 4.6 million people in 2009 and increased by 5% as compared to 1995.

In connection with the development of market relations in the national economy there was a continuation of the redistribution of the working population from public to private sector. The share of working population in the public sector declined from 60% in 1995 to 48% in 2009, in the private sector it increased from 40 to 52% of total employment.

Q: What is the sectoral structure of employment of the population composed of?

In general the sectoral structure of employment is characterized by the redistribution of the employed population from the industries producing goods to service industries. The share of people employed in industry, construction, agriculture, forestry and other activities for the production of goods declined from 55% in 1995 to 46% in 2009, while the share of people working in the service sector increased from 45 to 54%.

26% of total number of the employed work in industry, which is the most important economic sector in the country. 14% are engaged in trade and public catering, 10% -in education, 9%- in agriculture and construction, 6%in transport and 6% in healthcare.

Q: What is the average age of people employed in enterprises and organizations of the Republic?

At the moment the average age of employees of organizations in the country is 40.1 years, in 1995 it was 39.1 years. As in 1995 the largest group of workers is people in the age of 40-49 (26.6%) and 30-39 (23.4%), who are already competent enough, have work experience, and thus have the potential for further professional growth.

Almost every forth worker is under the age of 30. Such industries as construction, finance, credit and insurance, trade and catering, information and computer services are a priority for the youth. The share of young people here is 29.9 - 35.6% of the total employment.

Q: How has the educational level of the employed in the country's economy changed?

The economy of the Republic is characterized by a high educational level of its workers. The constant increase in the number of people with higher and specialized secondary education per 1000 employees indicates a stable upward tendency in the educational level of workers. In 1995 the organizations had 160 employees with higher and 204 employees with secondary special education per 1,000 people, while at the beginning of the year 2009 these numbers were 238 and 227 respectively.

Q: What are the results of the labor protection activities in enterprises and organizations of the Republic?

The organizations of the Republic make sure to create safe working conditions for their employees. The number of people who were injured at the place of production decreased 4.7 times as compared to 1995 and 1.6 times as compared to the year 2005. It amounted to 2.8 thousand people.

There is also a downward tendency in the number of workplace injuries resulting in death. 186 people died of occupational accidents in the Republic in 2009, which is 46% less than in 1995 and 21% less than in 2005.

Q: How many unemployed people are there in the country?