Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 23 Мая 2013 в 17:01, реферат
Every country have their own holidays. Holiday is day of memories and celebration of any event or process, which has importance things in people’s life. They can be formal, which are celebrated at the state level or the usual informal, but, somehow, the holiday is a holiday and is designed for people to develop their spiritual values, to know their history and just relaxed. And every nation, peoples and even tribe has its own holidays and Korea is not except of it. The traditional holiday leads as important part of the tradition in Korea. Republic of Korea has wide range of these holidays. Korea is a memory, honoring the past and hope for a brighter future. And their national holidays help to know people better their past of the state and also respect their traditions.
Kazakh Ablai khan State University of International Relationships and World languages
PROJECT WORK
Checked by: Bulekbaeva L.A
Almaty 2013
Name: Nurniyazova N. N Group: 102
Holidays in Korea
Aim of project
The aim of this project is to find out more information about Korean holidays, also introduce it.
Objectives
1.To get an information about holidays in Korea.
2.To introduce all selected information.
Conclusion
Every country have their own holidays. Holiday is day of memories and celebration of any event or process, which has importance things in people’s life. They can be formal, which are celebrated at the state level or the usual informal, but, somehow, the holiday is a holiday and is designed for people to develop their spiritual values, to know their history and just relaxed. And every nation, peoples and even tribe has its own holidays and Korea is not except of it. The traditional holiday leads as important part of the tradition in Korea. Republic of Korea has wide range of these holidays. Korea is a memory, honoring the past and hope for a brighter future. And their national holidays help to know people better their past of the state and also respect their traditions.
Bibliography
Content
Introduction
Holiday, originally, a day of dedication to religious observance, in modern times,a day of either religious or secular commemorations. Many holidays of the major world religions tend to occur at the approximate dates of more ancient, pagan festivals.
Several national holidays called gukgyeonil are observed in Korea. Four holidays are designated by law to commemorate events of national importance. On these days, national flags are displayed, and offices and banks are closed, but palaces, museums, most restaurants, and amusement facilities are open. Taxis and all public transportation are also available.
The following national holidays are observed by everyone in Korea, including the schools we work with. Some holidays are based on the lunar calendar and change dates every year, and some are based on the solar (Western) calendar and are on the same day every year. Most schools offer a full week of vacation at the end of July and the days between Christmas and New Year's. Holidays are always paid in full.
Samiljeol(Marc h 1) or Independence Movement Day
Samilijel marks the beginning of the movement for independence from Japanese colonial rule. On March 1, 1919, leaders of social and religious circles gathered at Tapgol Park in downtown Seoul and declared Korea`s independence from the Japanese colonialists. Although demonstrations held across the country were mostly peaceful, many patriots were arrested and imprisoned by the Japanese police.
Jaeheonjeol or Constitution Day
Jaeheonjeol celebrates the establishment of the first-ever democratic Korean Constitution on July 17 marks the day that the constitution was proclaimed effective, after it was adopted by the National Assembly.
Gwangbokjeol or Liberation Day
Gwangbokjeol marks the end of Japanese colonial rule on August 15, 1948. July 1945. Korea was liberated when Japan was defeated in the Second World War, and the first Korean government was established on August 15, 1948.
Gaecheonjeol or National Foundation Day
Gaecheonjeol marks the beginning of Korea. The day was first celebrated in 1900 by the believers of Daejonggyo, a traditional Korean religion based on worship of Dangun, who is believed to have founded the nation on October 3.
Legal Holidays
Legal holidays are designed by presidential decree as days when the government and public offices are closed. In addition to Sundays, National Holidays, and certain temporary holidays such as election days, there are eight fixed legal holidays.
New Year`s Day
On the 1st day of the new year, Koreans officially celebrate New Year`s Day. All the people including the government, public, and private institutions celebrate New Year`s Day, the first Holiday of the year. People exchange New Year`s greetings, oral or written, seeing the old year out and the new year in.
Traditional customs on New Year`s Day called Seolnal are quite unique. On the day, the extended family gathers at the home of the most senior male member. Dressed in new clothes, called seolbim, they hold formal rites called charye to honour and give thanks to their ancestors.
Afterwards, the family eats food from the ritual table as a bowl of tteokguk, rice cake soup. Eating tteokguk is a sign that one has become one year older. When the meal is finished, younger members of the family perform formal bows called sebae to older members. Children are given gifts of newly minted money called sebaetdon after making their bows. The rest of the day is spent visiting neighbors and other relatives to make New Year`s greetings and to feast, rest and play games.
The game traditionally played on New Year`s Day are yut, a kind of board game played with four sticks, seesawing, and jite flying.
Though Koreans now live by the solar calendar, many observe New Year`s Day by the lunar calendar according to tradition. Thus Korea has two official New Year`s Day holidays. The lunar New Year jholiday witnesses a mass exodus from the capital city as people head to their respective hometowns.
Arbor Day
Arbor Day is the 5th of April. It was designed by presidential decree as a legal holiday in 1949 to encourage reforesting of the mountains by planting more trees and looking after the plants. The government, public offices, and civilians used to take the day off and hold tree-planting events all over the country. Nowadays, the original intent of the holiday has weakened since the number of treeless mountains has diminished.
Eorininial or Children`s Day
Eorinininal was 1st established by Bang Jeong-hwan in 1923 in an effort to instill in children the importance of nationalism. Originally celebrated on May 5th, Children`s Day has been an officially holiday on the 5th of May since 1975. Children are the center of attention on this day and receive presents from their parents. The originally intention of the holiday now has been largely forgotten.
Seokgatansinil or Buddha`s Birthday
Seokgatansinil falls on the 8th day of the 4th lunar month. It has been a public holiday since 1975 and is celebrated not only by Buddhists but also by young people across the country. Solemn rituals are held at Buddhist temples, and the day`s festivities reach their climax when a huge crowd of Buddhists, including laymen and monks, march through city streets with beautiful papery lanterns. Lotus-shaped Buddihst lanterns are hung along major streets. Buddha`s birthday is also called Chopail.
Hyeonchungil or Memorial Day
Hyeonchungil, the day when the nation pays tribute to its war dead, was first proclaimed a holiday in 1956. Memorial services are held at the National cemetery in Seoul.
Chuseok or Harvest Moon Festival
One of Korean`s major holidays, the Harvest Moon Festival, falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. It is a happy day because the harvest is over and there is plenty to eat and time to rest. The weather in general is more beautiful than at any other time of the year. Thus, it is a day for giving thanks to the gods and the ancestors. On Chuseok morning, the family gathers at the home of the oldest male to hold ancestral rites in the morning. After the ceremony, the food from the ritual table is shared by the family. Later the family visits the graves of ancestors to hold simple rites and to repair and clean up the graves.
According to historical records, Chuseok festivities originated in a month-long weaving competition between two teams held during the reign of King Yuri of the Silla Kingdom. The king announced the winner on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, and the losing team provided food, drink, and entertainment for them. This festival was called Gabae, which is perhaps the origin of the word Hangawi, another name for Chuseok. There are many customs related to the Harvest Moon Festival including making and eating songpyeon, steamed rice cakes on pine needles, playing games such as tug of war and wrestling, and doing the circle dance ganggangsullae.
Seongtanjeol or Christmas
Seongtanjeol is commemorated as an official holiday, although Christianity did not take hold in Korea until 19th century. Since Christianity is not a national religion, this day is not as important in terms of religious significance. But like elsewhere, this is a day for meeting family and friends and “exchanging greetings and gifts”. Like other children around the world, Korean children also wait for the arrival of Santa Claus, as he is known here.
Festive Days (non-holidays)
Daeboreum or 1st Full Moon Day of the Year
Daeboreum (literally "Great Full Moon") is a Korean holiday that celebrates the first full moon of the new year of the lunar Korean calendar. This holiday is accompanied by many traditions.
One familiar custom is to crack nuts with one's teeth. It is believed that this practice will help keep one's teeth healthy for the year.
In the countryside, people climb mountains, braving cold weather, trying to catch the first rise of the moon. It is said that the first person to see the moon rise will have good luck all year or a wish will be granted.
Historically, people played the traditional game named geuybulnori the night before daeboreum. They burned the dry grass on ridges between rice fields while children whirled around cans full of holes, through which charcoal fire blazed. These cans fertilized the fields and get rid of harmful
worms that destroyed the new crops.
For breakfast on Daeboreum, Ogokbap a five-"grain" rice consisting of rice, millet, Indian millet, beans, and red beans is served (gok includes grains and beans). This is eaten with various dried herbs. One of the special foods of Daeboreum is Yaksik . This treat is made of glutinous rice, chestnuts, pinenuts, honey, sauce, and sesame oil.
On this day, Koreans traditionally do not give any food to dogs since it is believed that dogs that eat on this day will contract gad flies and become ill during the coming summer.
Ipchunbang (2nd lunar month)
From around February 4 by the solar calendar, when the sun is at 315 degrees celestial longitude, the Ipchun or "beginning of spring" period begins. It is the first of the 24 seasonal divisions according to the lunar calendar. Although it is said spring begins from that day, the weather is still quite cold. On this day, people used to post signs reading "Good luck in the coming of spring."
Hansik (2nd lunar month)
Hansik, which means "Cold Food" day, falls on the 105th day after the winter solstice or about early April. Once there was a man named Gaejachu from the Jin kingdom in ancient China. A villainous retainer intrigued against him, so Gaejachu hid in the slopes of Mt. Myeonsan. Jinmungong finally found him and asked him to return. However, Gaejachu refused to come out. Jinmungong started a fire on the mountain to force him to come out, but Gaejachu did not come out and burned to death. People began eating cold food to remember the loyalty of Gaejachu on Hansik day. Koreans mark the day by going to their family graveyard, perform an ancestral rites ceremony, kiji and plant trees or clean up the gravesite.
Samwol Samjinnal (3rd lunar month)
The 3rd day of the 3rd month by the lunar calendar, "Samwol Samjitnal" is the traditional day on which to celebrate spring, the day when the swallows returned from warm southern climes. People would prepare various foods to be used in traditional fertility rites.
Dano /Tano (5th lunar month)
The 5th day of the 5th lunar month has traditionally been called "Dano," "Suri," or "Cheonjungjeol," the day when Koreans pray for a bumper crop. In times past, girls would wash their hair in water boiled with iris, and would go out to play on the swings, swooping back and forth, like spring swallows. Boys would participate in ssireum, traditional Korean wrestling, matches.
Yudu (6th lunar month)
On the 15th day of the 6th month by the lunar calendar, people went to streams to bathe and to wash their hair, which they believed would prevent them from suffering from the summer heat.
Sambok (begins in 6th lunar month)
Sambok refers to the supposed three hottest days of summer, usually in July and August by the solar calendar. To beat the heat, people still eat samgyetang, or chicken-and-ginseng soup. These are also traditional days for eating dog meat, which is said to have a 'cooling' effect.
Chilseok (7th lunar month)
Chilseok is the 7th day of the 7th month by the lunar calendar. According to an old Korean legend, the two lovers` stars "Gyeonu" and "Jiknyeo" are separated by the Milky Way. As there is no bridge over the Milky Way "stream", they cannot meet each other, but on the seventh night of the seventh Moon, all the magpies and crows on earth fly up to heaven to form a bridge across the Milky Way so that the two lovers can meet.
Baekjung (7th lunar month)
Baekjung is the 15th day of the 7th month by the lunar calendar, which comes after the busiest season of the year for farmers. It marks a day of rest before the busy harvest season that lies ahead.
Junggu (9th lunar month)
Junggu, which literally means "double nine," is the ninth day of the Ninth month by the lunar calendar. People eat chrysanthemum cakes, a special dumpling, and drink chrysanthemum wine. Packing a picnic meal of wine and food, they hike up to view the crimson maple leaves in the mountains and valleys.
Sangdal-gosa (10th lunar month)
In the 10th lunar month, called "Sangdal" in Korean, people hold an ancestral veneration ritual to pray for the well-being of their families. Koreans, having just completed their harvest by the tenth month, make offerings of the newly harvested fruits and grains both to the heavenly deity and to their ancestors.
Dongji or Winter solstice
Dongji, or the day of the winter solstice, is the longest night of the year. In the past, Koreans believed that it was an auspicious day, marking the sun`s resurrection. A favorite food on Dongji was red bean porridge (pictured above).
Jaeyaui jong or New Year's Eve
The last night of the year is called "Jeseok" or "Jeya," both of which mean "New Year's Eve." Young men and children bow in respect to their older relatives in a formal ritual called "old year farewells." People stay up all night, playing Yutnori or talking, mindful of the old saying, "If you fall asleep tonight, tomorrow your eyebrows will be snow-white."
Conclusion
Every country have their own holidays. Holiday is day of memories and celebration of any event or process, which has importance things in people’s life. They can be formal, which are celebrated at the state level or the usual informal, but, somehow, the holiday is a holiday and is designed for people to develop their spiritual values, to know their history and just relaxed. And every nation, peoples and even tribe has its own holidays and Korea is not except of it. The traditional holiday leads as important part of the tradition in Korea. Republic of Korea has wide range of these holidays. Korea is a memory, honoring the past and hope for a brighter future. And their national holidays help to know people better their past of the state and also respect their traditions.
Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://www.korea4expats.com/