TTR Changes in Different Directions of Translation

There have been a number of attempts to describe the quantitative characteristics of vocabulary, both of a language or sublanguage system and of the language of a particular author, from the point of view of the number and frequency of types, tokens, and and lexemes. We will not even attempt to offer a more or less exhaustive list of these. Gradually, with the development of corpus linguistics, theorists of translation studies have picked up several quantitative ideas from linguistics and, trying to make their criteria for evaluating the differences between original and target texts and the lexical-stylistic adequacy of the translation objective, started to calculate those parameters, which was easily accomplished using computing techniques. Within the last decade there has been a boom in the amoount of research into quantitative parameters in translation studies due to the use of electronic corpora.