Stages of the development of the USA

5. What countries established colonies in the Americas? What was the main one? What were their purposes?

The Spanish began to establish colonies in Florida and throughout the Southwest and Mexico, followed by the French, and finally the English. The Virginia Colony in Jamestown, settled in 1607, was the first permanent English colony in the New World. Once the Massachusetts Bay Colony was chartered in 1628, many English settlers flocked to the new world.

Settlers from the Netherlands set up the New Amsterdam colony in what would later become New York, but soon gave up their territory to England. France established colonies in what is now Canada and the Louisiana Territory, which makes up a large portion of modern-day United States.

Thirteen British colonies were established along the Atlantic Coast by the early eighteenth century. (So the three main countries are Spain, England and France)

Reasons: they ask the permission of King to establish colony, then invite settlers with money to come and establish plantations, or businesses in the town to support those plantations with whatever supplies they needed. That would then generate money for the company and for the King who would have taxes, and maybe some profit from the deal he made. So economically, in this way, there would be profit from the Cash Crops that couldn't be grown in Europe. However it should be noted, that several colonies, like Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, were founded by people who wanted Religious Freedom, and they only were looking to make enough to survive as a secondary objective. There was also Georgia, which was established as a colony to send prisoners from Debtors Prison when their terms were up. As well as North Carolina which broke away from the rest of Carolina because those people were being treated as inferior by the blue blood aristocrats in Charleston, and the economic means were different between North and South Carolina. so really the reason for economic reason was cause of the cash crops that couldn't be grown in Europe

8. What was the role of the USA in creating NATO and in Cold War?

The Treaty of Brussels, signed on 17 March 1948 by Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, and the United Kingdom, is considered the precursor to the NATO agreement. The treaty and the Soviet Berlin Blockade led to the creation of the Western European Union's Defence Organization in September 1948. However, participation of the United States was thought necessary both to counter the military power of the USSR and to prevent the revival of nationalist militarism, so talks for a new military alliance began almost immediately resulting in the North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed in Washington, D.C. on 4 April 1949. It included the five Treaty of Brussels states plus the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. The first NATO Secretary General, Lord Ismay, stated in 1949 that the organization's goal was "to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down." Popular support for the Treaty was not unanimous, and some Icelanders participated in a pro-neutrality, anti-membership riot in March 1949. The creation of NATO can be seen as the primary institutional consequence of a school of thought called Atlanticism which stressed the importance of trans-Atlantic cooperation

After World War II, the United States had effectively become the most powerful and influential country in the world both militarily and politically. During America's rise to power, however, hostilities mounted between America and the Soviet Union, resulting in a fierce rivalry. The Cold War, which never involved direct military confrontations between the two nations, involved of the struggle to contain the spread of communism, extreme anti-communist attitudes in America, and a reemergence of the civil rights issue.

During the war against Germany, America tended to neglect the military desires of the Soviet Union. Roosevelt hesitated to open a second front against the Nazis and this hesitation saved many American lives at the expense of even more Russian lives. In addition to other strategic differences, the two nations ended up racing each other to "liberate" as much of Western Europe as possible; Soviet Russia eager to expand communism and the United States committed to preventing a potential enemy from gaining a footing in international affairs.

The Cold War really began as soon as America gained intelligence that the Soviet Union had detonated a hydrogen bomb. Soon after, the National Security Council issued a report advocating the construction of an American hydrogen bomb as well as an increase in taxes to fund a massive defense budget. To prevent Soviet expansion, President Truman adopted a doctrine of containment-that is, if Communism threatened the governments of allied nations, the United States had the authority to intervene with military action.

Furthermore, America maintained economic dominance by establishing the Marshal Plan, which meant that the United States would give financial aid to European countries so that they could buy American products. Although the Soviet Union forbade its satellite states from participating in this arrangement, the Marshal Plan was successful in putting America in the center of international economics.