Sociology of advertising

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In a study of the use of language to influence and persuade people, the American scholar Dwight Bolinger (Language, the Loaded Weapon, 1980) describes several techniques which advertisers share with other persuaders in manipulating language to their own ends. These may be summarized as (1) literalism, in which an assertion is made that is literally true but will normally be understood in special ways that the advertiser intends (e.g. Dentists recommend Colgate suggests that all dentists recommend it whereas only two need be found to justify the statement made), (2) euphemism, in which less favourable aspects are made to sound more appealing (e.g. something that is average may be described asstandard and a small quantity of a product may be described as handy version or fun size), and uninteresting concepts are made to sound more interesting (e.g. crafted instead of made, ultra-pure instead of clean or fresh), (3) use of jaunty vocabulary and slogans, and (4) the use of special syntax to associate the customer with a product (e.g. Aren't you glad you use Dial? and Put a tiger in your tank, both of which make an assumption to flatter and reassure the customer).

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Introduction…………………………………………………………..3-4
1. Before "modern" Advertising…………………………………………....5-6
2. Industrialization and Advertising………………………………………..6-7
3. Development of Advertising Agencies………………………………….7-8
4. Modern Advertising…………………………………………………….8-11
5. Advertising Statistics……………………………………………………...11
Conclusions……………………………………………………………12
Bibliography…………………………………………………………...13

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Paid message communicated through the various media by industry, business firms, nonprofit organizations, or individuals. Advertising is persuasive and informational and is designed to influence the purchasing behavior and/or thought patterns of the audience. Advertising is a marketing tool and may be used in combination with sales promotions, personal selling tactics, or publicity. The act or profession of promoting something, as a product: promotion, publicity. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography

  1. Allen, Alistair and Joan Hoverstadt. The History of Printed Scraps. London: New Cavendish Books, 1983.
  2. Alter, Stewart. Truth Well Told: McCann-Erickson and the pioneering of global advertising. McCann-Erickson Worldwide, 1995.
  3. Atwan, Robert. Edsels, Luckies, and Frigidaires: advertising the American way. New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1979.
  4. Fox, Stephen. The Mirror Makers: A History of American Advertising                 and Its Creators. New York: Morrow, 1984.
  5. Fraser, James H. The American Billboard: 100 Years. New York, Harry N. Abrams, 1991.
  6. Goodrum, Charles and Helen Dalrymple. Advertising in America: the first 200 years. New York: Harry M. Abrams, 1990.
  7. Holme, Bryan. Advertising: reflections of a century. New York: Viking Press, 1982.
  8. How It Was in Advertising, 1776-1976: compiled by the editors of Advertising Age. Chicago: Crain Books, 1976.
  9. Laird, Pamela Walker. Advertising Progress: American Business and the Rise of Consumer Marketing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
  10. Scott, Walter Dill. The Theory of Advertising: A Simple Exposition of the Principles of Psychology in Their Relation to Successful Advertising. Boston: Small, Maynard and Company, 1903.
  11. Laird, Pamela Walker. Advertising progress: American business and the rise of consumer marketing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
  12. Lamoreaux, Naomi R. The Great Merger Movement in American Business, 1895-1904. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
  13. Marchand, Roland. Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity, 1920–1940. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
  14. Norris, James D. Advertising and the Transformation of American Society, 1865–1920. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.
  15. Pope, Daniel. The Making of Modern Advertising. New York: Basic Books, 1983.
  16. Presbrey, Frank. The History and Development of Advertising. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday, 1929.
  17. Scott, Walter Dill. The Theory of Advertising: A Simple Exposition of the Principles of Psychology in Their Relation to Successful Advertising. Boston: Small, Maynard and Company, 1903.
  18. Sivulka, Juliann. Soap, sex, and cigarettes: a cultural history of American advertising. Belmont, California: Wadsworth, c1998.
  19. Shapiro, Laura. Perfection Salad: women and cooking at the turn of the century. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1986.
  20. Vinikas, Vincent. Soft soap, hard sell: American hygiene in an age of advertisement. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1992.
  21. West, Nancy M. Kodak and the Lens of Nostalgia. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2000.

 

 

 


 



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