История английского языка

The English nation belonged to the western subdivision of old Germanic tribes, and the dialect they spoke later became the English national language.
1. The first borrowing comes in the 1st century BC with Romans. These were words of trade, food, that Germanic tribes hadn’t known. (cheese, cup, port, wine)
Runic alphabet: Frank’s casket, Ruthwell cross.
2. The 5th century. Several of Germanic tribes (The Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes) migrates across the sea to the British Isles. There they were confronted by the Celts, the original inhabitants of the isles. Especially numerous among the Celtic borrowing were place names, names of the rivers, hills (Avon, Exe) (bald, down)