Famous pilot of the 20th century Antoine de Saint-Exupery

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

 

FEDERAL PUBLIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

 

ULYANOVSK HIGHEST CIVIL AVIATION SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT OF FORING LANGUAGERS

 

 

REPORT

 

«Famous pilot of the 20th century Antoine de Saint-Exupery»

 

 

 

Cadet  Tsvetkova L.U.

Group M-11-3

Supervised by Frolova O.A.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ulyanovsk 2013

 

Contents                              

                                                                                                 Pages

Introduction………………………………………………………………..……..3

1. Childhood ……………………………………………………………………..4

2 Pilot and writer …………………………………………………………..…….4

3 Pilot and correspondent.…………………………………………………….….5

4 War. ……………………………………………………………………………6

5. Circumstances of death………………………………………………………..6

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….8

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………...9 
Introduction

There are such people who are capable to think quietly at great speed, over the earth and even in space.  The pilot — is the person operating plane, helicopter or space ship.  Many children in the childhood dream to become pilots, but for this purpose it is necessary not only desire, but also congenital inclinations.  Such work makes the person responsible not only for the life, but also for life of all passengers in salon.  Therefore the pilot has to know operation of the car in perfection.

One of given by the pilot is Antoine de Saint-Exupery  . Why I chose this topic? After all all of us know it only as writer, but not all know that it also the pilot. Therefore I became interested in this subject, decided to study in detail its biography as pilot.

 

 

Antoine Mari Jean-Baptiste Roget de Saint-Exupéry - the French writer, the poet and the professional pilot.

1.Childhood

Antoine de Saint-Exupery was born in the French city of Lyon, was sprung from an old stock perigorsky noblemen, and was the third of five children of the viscount Jean de Saint-Exupéry and his spouse Mari de Fonkolomb. At the age of four years I lost the father. Mother was engaged in small Antoine's education. In 1912 on an aviation field in Amberye Saint-Exupéry for the first time rose in air by plane. Car the well-known pilot Gabriel Vroblevski operated. Ekzyuperi arrived in School of brothers Christians of Sacred Bartholomew in Lyon (1908), then with brother François studied in St Croix's Jesuit college in Mance — till 1914 then they continued study in Fribourg (Switzerland) in college of marist, prepared for receipt in "Ekol Naval" (I took a preparatory course of Naval lyceum of Saint-Louis in Paris), but didn't pass on competition. In 1919 registers the auditor in Academy of fine arts in architecture office.

2.Pilot and writer

In its destiny 1921 became rotary — then it was called up for military service in France. Having interrupted action of the delay received by it at receipt in a higher educational institution, Antoine registered in the 2nd regiment of destructive aircraft in Strasbourg. At first it define in working team at repair shops, but soon he manages to pass examination for the civil pilot. It transfer to Morocco where it acquires the rights of already military pilot, and then send for improvement to Istr. In 1922 Antoine finishes courses for reserve officers in Avora and becomes the second lieutenant. In October he is given assignment in the 34th aviation regiment in Burzhe near Paris. In January, 1923 to it there is the first plane crash, he gets a craniocereberal trauma. In its March комиссуют. Ekzyuperi moved to Paris where indulged in literary works. However in this field it first didn't make success and was compelled to undertake any work: I traded in cars, I was the seller in bookstore. Only in 1926 Ekzyuperi found the calling — became the pilot of the Aeropostal company delivering mail to the northern coast of Africa. In the spring it starts working on mail transportation at the line Toulouse — Casablanca, then Casablanca — Dakar. On October 19, 1926 him appointed the chief of intermediate station of Kap-Dzhubi (city of Vilya-Bens), on the very brink of Sahara. Here he writes the first work — "Youzhny post". In March, 1929 Saint-Exupéry returned to France where arrived on the high aviation courses of navy in Brest. Soon Gallimar's publishing house published the novel "Southern the Post", and Ekzyuperi goes to South America as the technical director "Aeroposta — Argentina", Aeropostal company branch. In 1930 Saint-Exupéry make in gentlemen of an award of the Honourable Legion for a contribution to development of civil aviation. In June he personally participated in searches of the friend of the pilot Guillaume who has crashed at flight through the Andes. Same year Saint-Exupéry writes "Night flight" and gets acquainted with the future wife Consuelo.

3.Pilot and correspondent

In 1930 Saint-Exupéry returned to France and received three-months holiday. In April he got married with Consuelo Sunsin (on April 16, 1901 — on May 28, 1979), but spouses, as a rule, lived separately. On March 13, 1931 the Aeropostal company was declared by the bankrupt. Saint-Exupéry returned for work as the pilot of the post line France — South America and served a piece Casablanca — Port-Etienne — Dakar. In October, 1931 "Night flight" is published, and to the writer the Femina literary award is awarded. He again takes vacation and moves to Paris. In February, 1932 Ekzyuperi starts working again in Latekoer's airline and flies the second pilot on a hydroplane serving the Marseille line — Algeria. Didier Dora, the former pilot of the Aeropostal company, soon employed it the test pilot, and Saint-Exupéry almost was lost at tests of a new seaplane in Saint-Raphael's bay. The seaplane turned over, and it hardly managed to get out of a cabin of the sinking car. In 1934 Ekzyuperi arrives for work in Ayr France airline (former "Aeropostal") as the representative of the company makes trips to Africa, Indochina and other countries. In April, 1935, as the correspondent of the Pari-Suar newspaper, Saint-Exupéry visited the USSR and I described this visit in five sketches. The sketch "A crime and punishment in the face of the Soviet justice" became one of the first works of writers of the West in which attempt to comprehend Stalinism became. On May 3, 1935 it met M.A.Bulgakovym that recorded in the diary E.S. Bulgakov. Shortly Saint-Exupéry becomes the owner of own plane of Page 630 of "Simun" and on December 29, 1935 makes an attempt to set up a record at flight Paris — Saigon, but has accident in the Libyan Desert, again having hardly avoided death. On the first of January it and mechanic Prevo, being parched with thirst, were rescued by bedouins. In August, 1936, according to the contract with the Entransizhan newspaper, goes to Spain where there is a civil war, and publishes in the newspaper a number of reportings. In January, 1938 Ekzyuperi goes onboard the Or De France liner to New York. Here it passes to work on the book "Planet of People". On February 15 it begins flight New York — Tierra del Fuego, but has heavy accident in Guatemala then long restores health at first in New York, and then in France.

4.War

On September 4, 1939, next day after the announcement France wars of Germany, Saint-Exupéry is in a mobilization place on military airfield Toulouse-Montodran and on November 3 is transferred to aviapart of distant investigation 2/33 which is based in Orkonta (Province of Champagne). It was its answer to arrangements of friends to refuse risky career of the military pilot. Many tried to convince Saint-Exupéry that he will bring much more advantage to the country, being the writer and the journalist that pilots can be prepared in thousands and he shouldn't risk the life. But Saint-Exupéry achieved appointment in a military unit. In one letter in November, 1939 he writes: "I am obliged to participate in this war. Everything that I love — under the threat. In Provence when the wood, everything to whom not all the same, the bucket and a shovel suffices burns. I want to fight, I am compelled to it by love and my internal religion. I can't stand aside and quietly look on this". Saint-Exupéry made some fighting departures by Blok-174 plane, carrying out tasks of aerial photoreconnaissance, and "The military cross" was recommended for a decoration. In June, 1941, after defeat of France, he moved to the sister to not occupied part of the country, and left in the USA later. I lived in New York where among the other I wrote the best-known book "Little Prince" (1942, опубл. 1943). In 1943 it entered the Air Force of "the Battling France" and with great difficulty achieved the transfer in a military unit. It had to master piloting of the new high-speed Laytning plane of R-38. "I have an amusing craft for my years. Following me on age is younger than me for about six years. But, certainly, the present I wash life — a breakfast in six mornings, a dining room, tent or bleached a lime at the height of ten thousand meters in the forbidden world for the person — I prefer the room, flights to intolerable Algerian idleness … … I chose work on the maximum wear and as it is necessary to squeeze out always itself up to the end, I won't go any more on the popyatny. It would be desirable only that this mean war came to an end before I истаю as if a candle in an oxygen stream. At me is what to do and after it" (of the letter to Jean Pelisye on July 9 — 10, 1944). On July 31, 1944 Saint-Exupéry went from Borgo's airfield on the island of Corsica to prospecting flight and didn't return.

5.Circumstances of death

Long time was known nothing of his death. And only in 1998 in the sea near Marseille one fisherman found a bracelet. On it there were some inscriptions: "Antoine", "Consuelo" (so called the wife of the pilot) and "with / o Reynal & Hitchcock, 386, 4th Ave. NYC USA". It was the address of publishing house in which there were Saint-Exupéry's books. In May, 2000 diver Luke Vanrel declared that at a 70-meter depth found plane fragments, probably, the belonging Saint-Exupéry. Remains of the plane were disseminated on a strip of kilometer and 400 meters wide. Almost at once the French government forbade any searches in this area. Permission was got only in the fall of 2003. Experts lifted plane fragments. One of them appeared part of a cabin of the pilot, serial number of the plane remained: 2734-L. On the American military archives scientists compared all numbers of the planes which have disappeared during this period. So, it became clear that board serial number 2734-L corresponds to the plane which in the U.S. Air Force appeared at number 42-68223, that is to the plane Lokhid P-38 of "Laytning", F-5B-1-LO modification (the plane of distant photo reconnaissance) which Ekzyuperi operated. Magazines of Luftwaffe don't contain records about brought down in this district on July 31, 1944 planes, and fragments have no obvious traces of attack. It generated a set of versions about crash, including versions about technical malfunction and suicide of the pilot. According to press publications of March, 2008 , the German veteran Lyuftvaffe 86-year-old Horst Rippert, the pilot of a squadron "Yagdgrupp 200", declared that it it on the fighter "Messershmitt Me-109" brought down Antoine de Saint-Exupery's plane. According to his statements, he didn't know who was at a steering wheel of the plane of the opponent:

« I didn't see the pilot, only later I learned that it was Saint-Exupéry»

Of that Saint-Exupéry was the pilot of the brought-down plane, Germans knew in the same days from radio interception of negotiations of the French airfields which carried out the German armies. Lack of the corresponding entries in magazines of Luftwaffe is connected with that except Horst Rippert, other witnesses of air fight weren't, and this plane to it wasn't officially included as brought down.

 

Conclusion

All in all, in this report Antoine de Saint-Exupery’s life as the pilot was in detail considered.  Its experience is the basis for the subsequent pilots.  It made a big contribution to development of this profession..

The pilot — is a profession on calling. To be the pilot is not only to fly and operate plane, but also to feel it.

Air transport occupies a serious segment in total of transportations in the modern world. It is possible to note safely that thanks to such people the world began to reach less as any more doesn't make special problems for short term since one end of a planet on another. Not less important role is carried out also by military pilots, after all the aircraft has strategic value for the solution of fighting tasks. Sometimes people with such profession take part in rescue of people as planes and helicopters quicker than any other equipment reach places of accidents, ship-wrecks, natural disasters and other tragedies which lives of people threaten.

 

 

Bibliography

1.Grigoriev V. P. Antoine Saint-Exupéry: Biography of the writer. — L. : Education, 1973.

2.Nora Gal. Under Saint-Eksa star.

3.Grachev R. Antoine de Saint-Exupery//Writers of France / Under the editorship of E.G. Etkind. — M: Education, 1964. — Page 661 — 667.

4.Grachev R. About the first book of the writer-pilot. — Neva. — 1963 . — No. 9

5.Mizho M. Sent-Ekzyuperi/Marsel of the Mizho / Lane from fr. Horace Vell; Cover of artist Y.Arndta. — M: Young guard, 1963. — 464, [22] pages — (Life of remarkable people. Series of biographies. Vyp. 9 (365)). — 115 000 copies (in the lane)

6.Zh.-K. Perye. De Saint-Exupéry's riddle: Litas. investigation. The lane with фр. — M: Eksmo, 2011. — 192 pages. (French Style series) Circulation is 4 000 copies of ISBN 978-5-699-48074-6

7.Schiff S. Saint-Exupéry. Biography = Stacy Schiff. Saint-Exupéry: A Biography. Pimlico, 1994 / Stacey Schiff / Lane with English. — M: Eksmo, 2003.