Electriccar and its characteristic aspects

     УДК 321.215 
 

ELECTRICCAR AND ITS CHARACTERISTIC ASPECTS

  D.Kirilenko, student, A.Bazhynov

Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University  
 

Abstract The analysis of existing kings as well as the principles of the electric vehicle has been given in this article. Experimental calculations confirm the superiority of electric over ICE in savings on fuel, as well as environmental friendliness of this mode of transport have been shown. 
 
Key words: electric car, ecology. 

В рамках статьи проведен анализ существующих видов а так же принципов работы электромобиля. Представлены экспериментальные расчеты подтверждающие превосходство электромобиля над ДВС в области экономии средств на топливо, а так же экологичность данного вида транспорта.  

Ключевые  слова: электромобиль, экология. 
 
 

              Electrical cars

     Now more and more attention is paid to the environment. People greatly affect the environment, so people are accustomed to see what they breathe. Wide dissemination of the personal transport creates many problems for the organization of movement. Modern man spends much time in traffic jams, where car exhaust fumes which create a favorable environment for the development of chronic diseases. People should be more careful in slow motion, and also, late for work increases the risk of stress. Governments have realized the gravity of the situation in developed countries, that’s why they enforced strict rules for cars. They introduced the different taxes to limit traffic in congested traffic city centers. They are also developing programs for the introduction of alternative modes of transport. Development of electric transport is the most promising direction in our days.  

     History of electric vehicles

     History of electric vehicles consists of more than a half century. The first car appeared in 1841 (much earlier than a car with an internal combustion engine). Electric vehicles were noisier until the end of XIX century than the cars in our time. The speed and distance which run private vehicles were not so important, as easy care, rapid start-up motor, quiet and comfort of travel. Only rich people could buy the private transport at that time. Electrical machines have been more in demand than steam or petrol cars. Machines with internal combustion engines have become cheaper over time, which had a high speed and range of travel. That is why the first electric machines gradually disappeared. But electric cars have not disappeared. They have been used as a local means of travel and the cargo transportation in the workplace, in parks and golf clubs.

      Much attention is paid to the prospects for the use of electric cars as the public transport. Tens of thousands of electric cars, millions of electric scooters, electric bicycles and other vehicles are used now.

     An electric car is very interesting, because it is driven by electric motors. Electric motors can be more than one. They are powered by batteries or heating elements. But they are not driven by internal combustion engines.

     What are the advantages of electric cars?

     I will tell you with pleasure. Here is a list of advantages of electric cars:

-  First of all, these cars do not pollute the environment (it is very important in our time);

- Electric cars change the chemical composition of the  
pollution for better

- They are more efficient than gas-powered vehicles because their fuel 
can be harnessed from any source of electricity, which is available  
in most homes and businesses

- Energy is not expended for the motor, when the car sits in a traffic jam;

- The cost of using considerably less (compared with the cost of the public transport)

- These machines are very reliable and durable.

     But nothing is perfect. I must tell you about the shortcomings of electric cars:

- Electric vehicles have not been widely adopted because they are rather impractical

- Electric cars are usually created by replacing the fuel tank and the gasoline engine of a conventional car with electric motors, batteries, chargers, and

- controllers, the result is a car that is heavier and less efficient then a car solely running on electricity

- Electric cars are limited as to the distance that can be driven before the complete failure of the battery. Today, the average lifetime of a lead-acid battery is only about 100 miles.

- They are more expensive because the manufacturer cannot fully recover the cost of the discarded parts.

- Electric cars also cannot cruise, accelerate, or climb fast enough to compete with gasoline-powered cars, and accessories, such as air conditioning and radios, drain the battery even further.

- Batteries of electric cars are recharged for a long time

- We must expand the network of power plants. They will need to increase the power plants in 1,5-2 times.

- They will need to build a company for recycling batteries.

     Some calculation were made under rescaches of electromobily.  

     Conventional car uses 6-14 liters of fuel per 100 km. The cost of gasoline is 7 to 8 USD for 1 liter. This means that 1 km of road costs 0,42-1,12 USD.

     Electric car spends

70-200W•year/km. The cost of electricity is 0,25 USD up to 1 kW • Year. We find that the cost of 1 km of road is 0,035-0,1 USD. That is about 6 times smaller than conventional machines. In addition, the electric car does not waste energy when standing in traffic jam.

     It is possible that electric cars will be used in Ukraine in 5 years. The small electric cars have already created. They can be recharged from an ordinary wall socket. But they can not provide all the needs. Because, the car has very little power. Therefore, we can use these machines only within the city.

                                             Conclusions

     We must create the infrastructure for performing services and repair of electrical machines mainly in big cities. We must do this for the development of transport, which does not pollute. It also opens opportunities for future investment capital for the development of dealers and service stations. I'm sure, that electric cars are our future. I believe that electric cars are a promising, economical and environmentally friendly transport.

     Referense

1. Дарков А.В., Сопротивление материалов / А.В. Дарков., Г.С. Шпиро // М: Изд. «Высшая школа». 1969. – 730с.

  2. Batygin Yu.V. Direction Change of the     Force Action upon Conductor under Frequency Variation of the Acting magnetic Field. Proceedings of the 1-st International Conference on High Speed Metal Forming / Yu.V. Batygin, V.I. Lavinsky, L.T. Khimenko. // March 31/April 1. – Dortmund: Germany. 2004. –P.157 – 160.