A market economy

Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 11 Апреля 2014 в 16:56, контрольная работа

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A market economy is an economy in which decisions regarding investment, production and distribution are based on supply and demand,[1] and prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system.[2] The major defining characteristic of a market economy is that decisions on investment and the allocation of producer goods are mainly made through markets.[3] This is contrasted with a planned economy, where investment and production decisions are embodied in a plan of production.

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A market economy

A market economy is an economy in which decisions regarding investment, production and distribution are based on supply and demand,[1] and prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system.[2] The major defining characteristic of a market economy is that decisions on investment and the allocation of producer goods are mainly made through markets.[3] This is contrasted with a planned economy, where investment and production decisions are embodied in a plan of production.

Market economies can range from hypothetical laissez-faire and free market variants to regulated markets and interventionist variants. In reality market economies do not exist in pure form, since societies and governments regulate them to varying degrees.[4][5] Most existing market economies include a degree of economic planning or state-directed activity, and are thus classified as mixed economies. The term free-market economy is sometimes used synonymously with market economy, but it may also refer to laissez-faire or Free-market anarchism.[6]

 

Market economies do not logically presuppose the existence of private property in the means of production; a market economy can consist of various types of cooperatives, collectives or autonomous state agencies that acquire and exchange capital goods with each other in a free price system.[7] There are many variations of market socialism, some of which involve employee-owned enterprises based on self-management; as well as models that involve public ownership of the means of production where capital goods are allocated through markets.[8]

 

The term market economy used by itself can be somewhat misleading. For example, the United States constitutes a mixed economy (substantial market regulation, agricultural subsidies, extensive government-funded research and development, Medicare/Medicaid), yet at the same time it is rooted in a market economy. Different perspectives exist as to how strong a role the government should have in both guiding the market economy and addressing the inequalities the market produces.

Рыночная экономика

Рыночная экономика это экономика , в которой решения, касающиеся инвестиций , производства и распределения основаны на спросе и предложении , [1] , а цены на товары и услуги определяются в свободном системы цен . [2] Основной определяющей характеристикой рыночной экономике является то, что решения по инвестициям и распределения средств производства в основном осуществляется через рынки. [3] Это контрастирует с плановой экономикой , где инвестиционные и производственные решения , воплощенные в плане производства. Рыночная экономика может варьироваться от гипотетических невмешательства и свободного рынка вариантов для регулируемых рынках и интервентов вариантов . На самом деле с рыночной экономикой не существует в чистом виде, поскольку общество и правительства регулировать их в разной степени. [4] [5] Большинство существующих рыночной экономикой включают степень экономического планирования или государственной направлены деятельности , и , таким образом, классифицируется как смешанной экономикой . Термин рыночная экономика иногда используется как синоним с рыночной экономикой , но это может также относиться к невмешательства или свободного рынка анархизм . [6]


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